Experiencing fear of missing out: Instagram interdependency among Gen Z users

Abstract

Instagram has become an integral part of Generation Z’s daily lives, functioning not only as a communication platform but also as a key reference for social interaction and self-evaluation. Continuous exposure to others’ curated lives may increase Instagram dependency and intensify Fear of Missing Out (FoMO). This study explores the relationship between Instagram dependency and FoMO among Generation Z in Banda Aceh. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed to examine participants’ lived experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with five Generation Z participants in Banda Aceh who showed signs of Instagram dependency and FoMO. The findings reveal a close relationship between Instagram dependency and FoMO in participants’ everyday lives. Intensive Instagram use heightened anxiety and encouraged participants to constantly monitor updates, trends, and others’ activities. Continuous exposure to Instagram content reinforced concerns about missing information, strengthening both dependency and FoMO. The study further suggests that Instagram functions as a central social reference through which participants evaluate themselves, compare their experiences with others, and maintain social connectedness. FoMO emerges as a lived emotional experience shaped by media exposure, social comparison, and the desire to remain socially relevant.