The Effectiveness of AI Chatbots in Foreign Language Learning: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

The use of artificial intelligence in foreign language learning has increased, particularly through AI chatbots that provide interactive communication and personalized learning support. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of AI chatbots in foreign language learning through a Systematic Literature Review. A total of 30 articles published between 2021 and 2026 were reviewed to identify their effects on language skills, learner motivation, engagement, and learning experiences. The findings indicate that AI chatbots support foreign language learning, particularly in writing, grammar, and vocabulary development. Immediate feedback and opportunities for independent practice also contribute to learner motivation and engagement. However, the effectiveness of AI chatbots varies across language skills, with mixed findings in speaking and listening activities. Several challenges were identified, including inaccurate responses, technical limitations, plagiarism, overdependence on technology, and ethical concerns. These challenges highlight the importance of using AI chatbots appropriately in educational settings. The findings suggest that AI chatbots are most beneficial when integrated into learning activities as complementary tools rather than replacements for teachers or conventional language instruction. Their effective implementation requires appropriate pedagogical strategies, teacher guidance, and attention to ethical considerations. In conclusion, AI chatbots have the potential to improve foreign language learning experiences when used purposefully and supported by suitable instructional approaches.