Doenças endêmicas nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil: revisão integrativa dos fatores epidemiológicos, sociais e ambientais associados à sua ocorrência

Abstract

Vector-borne diseases remain an important public health challenge in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions, where environmental, climatic and socioeconomic factors favor sustained transmission. This study aimed to analyze scientific evidence on dengue, malaria, visceral leishmaniasis and chikungunya in these regions, emphasizing epidemiological, social and environmental factors associated with their occurrence. An integrative literature review was conducted in SciELO, the Virtual Health Library and PubMed. Articles published from 2020 to 2025, available in full text, written in Portuguese or English and aligned with the guiding question were included. After applying the eligibility criteria, seven studies composed the final sample. The synthesis indicated that disease distribution is associated with social vulnerability, inadequate sanitation, environmental change and limitations in health services. Climatic and hydrological factors also influenced transmission dynamics, while weaknesses in notification quality hindered accurate measurement of the epidemiological burden. Sustainable control requires qualified epidemiological surveillance, territory-based interventions and coordination among health, sanitation, environmental and urban planning policies.