Upper bounds for arithmetic functions over polynomial values via Chebotarev--Sato--Tate distributions

Abstract

We establish logarithmic upper bounds for nonnegative multiplicative functions evaluated at values of multivariable polynomials. The polynomial contribution is encoded by the permutation character on the geometric irreducible components of the corresponding hypersurface, while the arithmetic contribution is described by a class function on a joint Chebotarev--Sato--Tate group. This yields a unified framework for symmetric-power coefficients of CM and non-CM modular forms, Dedekind zeta-function coefficients, and mixed automorphic--Galois weights. As a further application, we obtain quantitative divisibility results for Fourier coefficients along polynomial values, including explicit formulas in the full residual-image and Eisenstein congruence cases.