Aug 2026· Epilepsy and paroxysmal conditions· 0 citations· 7 references
TL;DR
Early diagnosis, comprehensive treatment with appropriate antiepileptic drug selection based on seizure type and epilepsy etiology, and rehabilitation improve prognosis and quality of life for children with epilepsy.
Abstract
Background.
Epilepsy onset occurs in childhood in 70% of patients and is considered a major problem in pediatric neurology.
Objective:
To study the profile of inpatients aged 1 month to 3 years with newly diagnosed epilepsy.
Material and methods.
A retrospective analysis of 261 medical records of children with a newly diagnosed epilepsy admitted to the Early Childhood Psychoneurology Department No. 1 of the Children's Center for Psychoneurology and Epileptology at the Republican Children's Clinical Hospital (Ufa) between 2018 and 2024 was conducted. Patients ranged in age from 1 month to 3 years. The average age of patients was 8,7±0,7 months, with a predominance of boys (56,3%). All patients underwent clinical, instrumental, laboratory, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological (electroencephalography (EEG), video-EEG monitoring) examinations.
Results.
The rate of all cases of epilepsy peaked in children under 1 year of age – 206 (79%). West syndrome and Ohtahara syndrome were noted in 62 (23,7%) children aged 7 to 12 months. Depending on the etiology, structural epilepsy was observed in 197 (75,5%) patients. The most common cause of epilepsy with an established etiologic factor was hypoxic-ischemic, hemorrhagic lesion of the central nervous system – 159 (61%). In young children, a frequent combination of epileptic seizures with delayed psychomotor and psychospeech development was recorded (83,9%). In 23,7% of patients, hypsarrhythmia, “burst-suppression” – a pattern specific to epileptic encephalopathies (West and Ohtahara syndromes) were EEG recorded. Valproic acid was the drug of choice when prescribing anticonvulsant therapy. Serum antiepileptic drug levels remained adequate throughout treatment.
Conclusion.
The results of our study highlight the importance of a comprehensive approach to epilepsy treatment. Early diagnosis, comprehensive treatment with appropriate antiepileptic drug selection based on seizure type and epilepsy etiology, and rehabilitation improve prognosis and quality of life for children with epilepsy. Further research is needed to gain insights into genetic and environmental risk factors and to develop new methods for prevention and treatment of epilepsy in young children.
Early-onset epilepsy in infancy exhibits heterogeneous features and the ILAE framework facilitates a systematic diagnostic approach and supports clinical management in pediatric patients.
Generalized seizures with tonic clonic presentation were most common seizure type reported and were classified according to International League Against Epilepsy classification 1989.
Epilepsy affects a significant proportion of people globally, with many cases beginning in childhood. However, there is a lack of longitudinal studies exploring the long-term outcomes and characteristics of childhood-onset epilepsy into adulthood. This study aimed to analyze the trajectory of childhood-onset epilepsy to identify particular characteristics and outcomes that could help guide future management. This retrospective cohort study was conducted between June 2021 and December 2022 at adult and paediatric clinics. Participant data were obtained from medical records and corroborated through history taking during follow-up visits. A total of 100 participants diagnosed with epilepsy since childhood were included. The mean age of the cohort was 23.15 (SD = 8.80) years, with a mean age at epilepsy diagnosis of 3.97 years. Focal seizures were the most prevalent type (53%), with structural causes being the predominant aetiology of epilepsy. A total of 48% of participants were identified with intellectual disabilities, 24% with learning disabilities, and 32% with behavioural difficulties. Consequently, 45% required enrollment in special education institutions. We did not observe a statistically significant difference in seizure control over the 10-year follow-up period, and no analyzed factors were significantly associated with seizure control. Childhood-onset epilepsy is associated with substantial long-term neurodevelopmental and psychosocial consequences. Our findings highlight the need for individualized, multidisciplinary management and clear, structured transition pathways from paediatric to adult neurology services. We outline several recommendations to enhance overall management as patients transition into adulthood.
J. Tan, J. Tan, M. M. Tan et al.· Acta Epileptologica· 0 citations
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases and is a serious neurological disorder that is associated with social stigma. Epidemiology continues to be an important research tool in the study of epilepsy and related disorders, providing a better understanding of the frequency, causes, and natural history of the disorder.
to investigate the differences in the demographic and social charac-teristics of epileptic patients in sample of Egyptian patients in tertiary care hospital and compare gender differences in various types of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes and treatment strategies.
This study was a cross section observational study. It was conducted in Epilepsy clinic in Kafr El-Sheikh general hospital for one year from November 2021 till November 2022. The study was approved by the ethical committee of medical research.
This study examined various clinical and demographic aspects of epilepsy patients, revealing that most were aged 20–40 years (56.7%), with a mean age of 33.23 ± 11.83 years. The majority had no family history of epilepsy (79.8%) or febrile convulsions (88%) and were predominantly right-handed (87.1%). Migraine was the most common comorbidity (7.3%), and stress was the leading seizure trigger (30.9%). Non-compliance (38.6%) was the most frequent cause of uncontrolled seizures. Idiopathic epilepsy accounted for 81.1% of cases, with structural and functional causes less common. EEG findings were abnormal in 60%, with generalized activity being most prevalent. MRI results were normal in 57.1%, while 18.45% showed lesions like mesial sclerosis and encephalomalacia. Topiramate caused weight loss (22.2%), while carbamazepine caused somnolence (12.7%). The study underscores the need for increased access to diagnostic tools like EEG and MRI, better patient education, and careful AED selection to minimize side effects and improve treatment adherence.
This cross-sectional observational study investigated the demographic, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of epilepsy patients in the Epilepsy Clinic at Kafr El-Sheikh General Hospital.
Noha Ebrahim Mohamed El Kamashany, A. Gaber, Yousry Aboelnaga Abdelhameed et al.· The Quarterly journal of med...· 0 citations
An overview of the literature and clinical cases of epilepsy in Down syndrome (DS) is presented. Epilepsy in DS has a bimodal distribution with two peaks: before 5 years of age and after 40 years. In childhood, the most common epileptic syndrome is infantile epileptic spasms syndrome. First-line treatment includes vigabatrin and corticosteroids.
The second peak of epilepsy occurs after the age of 40 and is associated with the coexistence of epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease, which is known as late-onset myoclonic epilepsy in DS, the seizure semiology of which is similar to that of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
Clinical cases of patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome and DS successfully treated with vigabatrin are presented. Comorbidities in DS include a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, increased carbonic anhydrase type 2 activity, and the presence of myoclonic seizures similar to those in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. These features support the use of sultiame as a pathogenetically justified drug for the treatment of epilepsy in patients with AD.
A clinical case of a patient with DS is presented, in whom sultiame demonstrated high efficacy and good tolerability, as well as a positive impact on development and behavior
M. Bobylova, S. Burd, T. R. Tomenko et al.· Russian Journal of Child Neu...· 0 citations
Overall, Benign epileptiform variants lack pathological significance, although 6-Hz spike-and-wave bursts and small sharp spikes showed a stronger association with epilepsy and may be considered variants of uncertain significance warranting clinical follow-up.
Rosa Ana Saiz Díaz, S. B. Cuéllar, Jesús González de la Aleja Tejera et al.· Neurología· 0 citations
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