Ruminants fasciolosis: seropositivity and associated risk factors in north-eastern Algeria

Abstract

Fascioliasis is a significant parasitic and zoonotic disease that causes economic losses worldwide. Serological data on fasciolosis in Algeria remain scarce, hence the purpose of this study is to investigate the seropositivity of Fasciola hepatica in cattle and sheep in two provinces in northeastern Algeria (Guelma and El Tarf) and the associated risk factors. Two hundred animals were included in this study from January to October 2024 (100 cattle and 100 sheep). Detection of anti-F. hepatica antibodies was performed by monoclonal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Chi- square test and logistic regression analysis were used to interpret our findings. Sheep populations showed a significantly higher seropositivity compared to cattle (41 versus 12 %; P < 0.001). Seropositivity between sexes was not significantly different, nor were age groups. In sheep, infection rates were significantly higher in El Tarf (56 %) compared to Guelma (26 %). Furthermore, geographical origin was identified as a significant predictor of infection in sheep populations. Overall, these results revealed a significant circulation of F. hepatica in northeastern Algeria, particularly in humid regions. Environmental factors seem to play an important role in the epidemiology of fasciolosis, and serological surveillance should be integrated into control programs.