Multi-Energy Storage Microgrids for Intelligent Backup Power Management in Smart Buildings

Abstract

This paper investigates how multi-energy storage microgrids provide intelligent backup power functions under diverse operating conditions for intelligent buildings. With increasing renewable energy penetration and growing concerns about grid reliability, building-integrated microgrids provide a promising solution for enhancing resilience, flexibility and sustainability. This research first reviews the framework of the building integrated microgrid, the key storage technologies including battery, thermal and hydrogen storage and intelligent control strategies. Four representative scenarios are then analyzed: short-duration outages, long-duration outages, extreme climate conditions, and normal grid-connected operation. The results of recent studies reveal that battery systems are effective for rapid response while hybrid multi-energy storage significantly improves long-duration autonomy and climate adaptability. In grid-connected mode, intelligent optimization and requirement response can drastically reduce operation costs. Finally, future trends such as digital twins, peer-to-peer energy trading and AI predictive control are playing important roles. The results from this review show that coupling multi-energy storage technologies with advanced control strategies is essential for achieving resilient, low-carbon and autonomous building energy systems.