Digital Transformation of Enterprise Management Systems: A Factor-Based Perspective

Abstract

The article addresses the digital transformation of enterprise management systems, as the comprehensive assessment of system interaction and the multiplicative effect of digital management determinants, alongside a comparative analysis of their factor profiles under international disparities, has remained insufficiently explored. The article aims to identify, systematize, and characterize the factors of digital transformation in enterprise management systems, substantiate their cause-and-effect interrelations, and reveal differences in the digital maturity of enterprises in Ukraine and the European Union. The study employs a set of systematization, morphological, and comparative analysis methods, systemic and structural-hierarchical approaches, as well as statistical and graphical data processing techniques using empirical datasets from Eurostat and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine for 2021–2024. As a result, the conceptual foundations for shaping digital management systems based on cloud services, ERP, CRM, BI systems, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity tools are substantiated. A classification of 14 key influencing factors is proposed according to their nature of origin, level of manifestation, controllability, direction, and time horizon. Based on cross-country comparisons, it is found that EU enterprises demonstrate a «systemic reinforcement» model with high adoption of cloud services, ERP, CRM, BI, and AI, whereas Ukraine exhibits a «structural alignment» model characterized by positive ERP/CRM adoption dynamics alongside infrastructural and analytical gaps. The scientific novelty lies in proving the multiplicative nature of digital transformation factor interactions, where constraints in infrastructure or human resources diminish the returns on BI and AI tools. A hierarchy of determinants is defined, in which cloud infrastructure and data quality form the foundation, ERP and CRM provide process integration, while analytics and artificial intelligence build the intelligent management loop. The practical value of the results lies in the applicability of the developed factor profile by enterprise management to diagnose digital maturity, identify operational bottlenecks, and substantiate strategic priorities for digital development in the context of European integration.