Comparative Evaluation of Yield and Agronomic Traits of Four Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties under the Agro-Climatic Conditions of Char Asiab District, Kabul, Afghanistan
Jul 2026· International Journal of Current Science Research and Review· Vol 09· 0 citations
Abstract
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple cereal crops that provides income and support the livelihoods of local farmers of Afghanistan, while also playing a vital role in food security. It is a major source of carbohydrates and proteins for human consumption, while its straw is commonly used as livestock feed in Afghanistan. yet productivity remains below potential due to limited availability of locally adapted improved varieties. This study evaluated the agronomic performance, yield, and yield-related traits of four winter wheat varieties (Sohla 02, Sohla 018, Chont, and local variety Riza Gul) under irrigated conditions in Char Asiab District, Kabul, during the 2024–2025 growing season. Using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, the data was analyzed with Statistical Tools for Agricultural Research (STAR 2.0.1) software. significant varietal differences were observed for most traits. Result showed that Sohla 018 produced the highest grain yield (4,866.67 kg ha⁻¹), 1000-grain weight (44.36 g), and grains per spike (51.11). While Sohla 02 showed superior vegetative growth, this did not translate to higher yield. The findings identify Sohla 018 as the most suitable variety for cultivation in Char Asiab District, with potential to improve wheat productivity and contribute to food security in Afghanistan.
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important pulse crop with considerable potential to enhance food and nutritional security, improve soil fertility, and increase farmers’ incomes in Afghanistan. However, its productivity remains constrained by the widespread use of low-yielding varieties and the challenges associated with semi-arid climatic conditions. This study evaluated the Agronomic performance and yield potential of four mung bean varieties under the Agro climatic conditions of Kabul, Afghanistan, where low annual precipitation, high summer temperatures, and climatic variability limit crop production. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of four treatments: Helmandi (T1), Local (T2), 08 Certified (T3), and 07 Certified (T4), with six replications. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and treatment means were compared using an appropriate mean separation test.
The results demonstrated significant differences (P < 0.05) among the evaluated varieties. The 07 Certified variety (T4) produced the highest mean grain yield (1,833.77 kg ha⁻¹), followed by 08 Certified (T3) (1,720.72 kg ha⁻¹), Local (T2) (1,378.87 kg ha⁻¹), and Helmandi (T1) (643.56 kg ha⁻¹). Mean comparison analysis confirmed significant differences among all varieties, with the performance ranking as T4 > T3 > T2 > T1. The superior yield performance of the 07 Certified variety indicates its greater adaptability and productivity under the semi-arid conditions of Kabul. These findings highlight the importance of promoting improved certified mung bean varieties to enhance crop productivity, support climate resilient agricultural systems, and contribute to improved food security and rural livelihoods in Afghanistan. Further multi location and multi-season evaluations are recommended to assess the stability, adaptability, and potential for wider adoption of the 07 certified variety.
Fazalellahi Hamdard, Dalila Saidi, Safiullah Jawhar· International Journal of Cur...· 0 citations
The experiment was conducted at four locations over two years, from June, 2023 to December, 2024. The study evaluated the performance of 30 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties across seven Ethiopian agro-ecological environments during the 2023–2024 cropping season. The objective of the study was to identify high-yielding, stable, and disease-tolerant bread wheat genotypes suitable for sustainable wheat production across diverse Ethiopian agro-ecological environments. The combined analysis of variance revealed that the environment contributed the largest proportion of the total variation (74.51%), followed by genotype×environment interaction (19.77%), whereas genotypic differences accounted for only 5.71% of the variation. Grain yield ranged from 5.45 t ha-1 for Digalu to 7.51 t ha-1 for Kulumsa in 2023, with newer wheat varieties consistently outperforming older cultivars. The GGE biplot analysis revealed that the first two principal components explained 71.94% of the genotype×environment interaction (G×E) variation, confirming the reliability of the model for assessing genotype stability and adaptability across environments. Newly released varieties such as Kulumsa, Deka, Honqolo, and Balcha demonstrated superior grain yield and desirable agronomic traits, whereas older varieties such as Digalu, Dashen, and Kubsa showed relatively lower performance. These findings highlight the genetic progress achieved through Ethiopian wheat breeding programs and emphasize the importance of continuous variety evaluation to sustain wheat productivity under changing agro-ecological conditions.
Berhanu Sime, Gadisa Alemu, Alemu Dabi et al.· International Journal of Bio...· 0 citations
Emmer wheat, as a cereal and food crop, has wide economic significance. Grain quality is determined by numerous factors, including key agronomic practices, variety genetics, regional soil and climatic conditions. This article discusses the use of various doses of mineral fertilizers in conjunction with pre-sowing seed inoculation with biological preparations Azotovit (1 l/t), Rizoagrin (1 l/t) and complex organomineral preparation Biostim Start (1 l/t). The research is consistent with modern resource-saving adaptive technologies with elements of biologization. Experiments were conducted in Sabinskiy municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan on gray forest soils with a heavy loamy texture from 2020 to 2023. pHKCl was close to neutral – 6.2 (GOST 26483-85), humus content according to Tyurin was 3.4%, mobile phosphorus and mobile potassium contents according to Kirsanov were 127 and 138 mg/kg, respectively. Regardless of the mineral nutrition background, seed inoculation with Azotovit increased protein yield by 9%, with Rizoagrin by 17% and with Biostim Start by 25%. The maximum gross harvest of protein and crude fat on average over 4 years was achieved in variant N71P36K58 (3.0 t/ha of grain) + Biostim Start – 1 l/t. The maximum protein content (17.3%) and crude fat (3.53%) in spelt grain was achieved in variant N59P30K48 (3.0 t/ha of grain) + Biostim Start – 1 l/t. The developed spelt cultivation technology ensures the formation of agrocenoses with a stable productivity of at least 2.85 t/ha of high-quality emmer wheat grain with a protein content of 16.5% and increased nutritional value.
Anna Pogodina, A. Lukmanov, Aleksandr Ivoylov· Agrobiotechnologies and digi...· 0 citations
Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici is among the most damaging foliar diseases of wheat, with yield losses reaching up to 82% under favorable conditions. To identify resistant sources, one hundred sixty bread wheat genotypes were screened at Dabat and Adet in northwestern Ethiopia during the 2023 and 2024 cropping seasons using an alpha lattice design with two replications. Disease severity was assessed at three growth stages and agronomic traits were recorded across environments. Combined analyses revealed that 17.5% of the tested genotypes exhibited resistant responses to STB, producing superior grain yield (≥ 4.5 t ha⁻¹) and thousand-kernel weight (≥ 45.41 g). Additionally, 52.5% of genotypes were moderately resistant, whereas 30% showed moderately susceptible reactions. Highly significant differences (P < 0.0001) were observed among genotypes for all studied traits, which were negatively correlated with disease parameters. The highest grain yield (5160.88 kg ha⁻¹) was obtained from genotype G81. This genotype also exhibited significantly lower disease severity at maturity (24.35%) and a significantly reduced AUDPC (968.6) compared with most of the tested genotypes. These findings highlight promising genetic resources for STB resistance, and further molecular studies such as QTL mapping and GWAS are recommended to identify resistance loci and accelerate their utilization in wheat breeding programs.
In Nepal, hybrid maize is increasingly popular in the Terai region due to rising demand for maize grains, higher yield potential, and superior agronomic performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the agronomic performance, yield stability, and adaptability of maize hybrids. A total of 23 single cross maize hybrids was evaluated at four locations in the Terai region of Nepal: Tarahara, Parwanipur, Rampur, and Khajura. The trial was laid-out in randomized complete block design with three replicates per location during the winter season of 2023-24. Flowering traits, growth, and yield-related traits were recorded following the protocols developed by CIMMYT. Analysis of variance was performed using ADEL-R, correlation analysis with PBTools, and stability analysis with GEA-R software. Results indicated significant genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interactions for all traits, with heritability estimates ranging from 0.78 to 0.96. The grain yield varied across locations, with Rampur recorded the highest average of 8.05 t ha-1. RML108/RL2118, CML161/RML96, and RML36/RML2244 were the top performing hybrids with grain yield of 8.13, 7.93, and 7.85 t ha-1 respectively. RML108/RL2118 identified as high yielding and stable (Pi=1.10) hybrid, RL143/RML96 as moderate in yield but excellent stability (bi=-0.10), while Sultan (bi=1.98) and RML62/RML2 (bi=1.69) showed poor stability despite high mean yield. The positive genetic correlations observed between days to anthesis with grain yield (r=0.31), ear position with grain yield (r=0.57), and kernel weight with grain yield (r=0.92). This study highlighted the value of multi-location testing to identify region-specific hybrids that are resilient to local environmental conditions. The results indicate that the identified hybrids possess high yield potential and can be promoted as candidate hybrids for winter season in the Terai region.
Mahendra Prasad Tripathi, B. Adhikari, Jiban Shrestha et al.· Nepal Agriculture Research J...· 0 citations
Background: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) is an important cereal crop that contributes substantially to food security in northern Côte d’Ivoire. However, its production remains constrained by increasing climate variability and the limited availability of high-performing cultivars adapted to local agroecological conditions.
Objective: This study evaluated the agronomic performance and agromorphological diversity of 117 pearl millet accessions grown at Korhogo, Ferkessédougou, and Tengréla during the 2023 and 2024 cropping seasons.
Methods: The plant materials comprised 25 introduced accessions, including 15 from Burkina Faso and 10 from Senegal, and 92 locally collected accessions from northern Côte d’Ivoire. The experiment was established using an alpha-lattice design with three replications at each study location. Data were collected on phenological, morphological, yield, and yield-component traits. The resulting data were analysed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, principal component analysis, ascending hierarchical classification, and discriminant factor analysis.
Results: Significant variation was observed among the evaluated accessions for the measured agronomic traits. The first three principal components accounted for 88.18% of the total agromorphological variation, demonstrating substantial diversity within the germplasm. Hierarchical classification separated the accessions into four distinct groups. Group 1 comprised early-maturing accessions with a mean growth cycle of 86.78 days, whereas Group 3 contained late-maturing accessions with a mean cycle of 146.36 days. Groups 2 and 4 consisted of intermediate-maturing accessions with mean growth cycles ranging from 113.55 to 115.04 days. Group 2, comprising accessions A160, A161, and A162, exhibited the strongest agronomic performance, recording a mean grain yield of 3.52 t ha⁻¹. In contrast, the remaining groups produced mean yields below 1.0 t ha⁻¹. Discriminant factor analysis supported the classification pattern, with an overall cross-validation accuracy of 89.66%, and identified the principal traits responsible for differentiation among groups.
Conclusion: The intermediate-maturing accessions A160, A161, and A162 represent promising genetic materials for further multi-environment evaluation, varietal development, and pearl millet improvement programmes in northern Côte d’Ivoire.
Tâh Valentin Félix N’guettia, Laopé Ambroise Casimir Siéné, Inoussa Drabo et al.· Archives of Current Research...· 0 citations
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