In-Vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Gymnostachyum warrieranum Leaves

Abstract

Background: Gymnostachyum warrieranum is a medicinal plant in the Acanthaceae family that has very little scientific information on its pharmacological potential, safety, and phytochemical makeup. The goal of the present investigation was to evaluate the invitro antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract. Methods: Soxhlet extraction was used to extract the verified entire plant material using95% ethanol. The extract was characterised by marker-based standardisation, HPTLC fingerprinting, and preliminary phytochemical screening. Assays for glucose absorption, α-amylase inhibition, and α-glucosidase inhibition were used to evaluate in vitro antidiabetic efficacy. Results: When compared to aqueous (8.45%), chloroform (3.96%), and petroleum ether (2.84%) extracts, ethanol yielded the greatest extraction yield of 8.72% w/w. Flavonoids,phenolic substances, tannins, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, and other secondary metabolites were detected by phytochemical screening. Gallic acid (Rf 0.55 ± 0.01) and quercetin (Rf 0.68 ± 0.02) were detected by HPTLC analysis, which also generated a repeatable chromatographic fingerprint appropriate for standardization. With maximum -glucosidase inhibition of 89.96%, α-amylase inhibition of 75.33%, EEGW showed concentration-dependent antidiabetic efficacy. Conclusion: The results show that Gymnostachyum warrieranum's ethanolic extract has a rich phytochemical profile, high acute oral safety, and potential antidiabetic properties. The promise of EEGW as a source of bioactive phytoconstituents is supported by the dose-dependent pharmacological effects as well as the presence of quercetin and gallic acid.