INTEGRATION OF SMART TRAPS AND WEATHER SENSORS INTO A DIGITAL PRECISION AGRICULTURE SYSTEM

Abstract

Precision agriculture requires advanced digital solutions capable of continuously monitoring environmental conditions and pest dynamics in orchard ecosystems. This paper presents the development, integration, and experimental validation of a digital system dedicated to orchard crop monitoring. The proposed system integrates a smart pheromone trap equipped with an HD camera, a meteorological monitoring station, an autonomous photovoltaic power supply system, and a wireless communication module for real-time data transmission. The experimental model was designed to support automatic pest detection and continuous acquisition of climatic parameters associated with pest and pathogen development. The monitoring architecture combines environmental sensing, image acquisition, local data processing, and cloud-based communication. Functional testing was conducted under controlled orchard conditions over a 30-day monitoring period. The obtained results demonstrated stable autonomous operation, reliable wireless communication, and accurate environmental monitoring. The average deviations compared with a reference meteorological station were within ±0.4 °C for air temperature, ±2.5% for relative humidity, and ±0.3 m/s for wind speed. The smart trap achieved pest identification accuracy higher than 90% for target species. The photovoltaic system ensured autonomous operation for more than 72 h without direct solar radiation. The developed digital platform represents a scalable solution for integrated pest management and precision orchard monitoring applications.