An Energy-Stable Variable-Step SAV Finite Element Method for a Droplet Thin-Film Coarsening Model with a Lennard–Jones Singular Potential

Abstract

We develop an energy-stable variable-step BDF2-based scalar auxiliary variable (SAV) finite element scheme for a droplet thin-film coarsening model with a Lennard–Jones singular potential. The method uses continuous piecewise linear finite elements in space and retains the original linear SAV update. We prove discrete mass conservation, modified-energy decay under an admissible step-ratio condition, and solvability of the coupled algebraic system. A Sherman–Morrison realization exploits the rank-one coupling and reduces each accepted time step to two solves with the same sparse base matrix. Numerical experiments assess temporal and spatial convergence, SAV-shift sensitivity, two-droplet mesh dependence, long-time coarsening, and solver efficiency. The film-height variable exhibits second-order temporal convergence and the expected spatial rates, whereas the auxiliary variable is first-order accurate; the consistency audit shows no hidden cancellation. The computations also verify mass conservation, modified-energy decay, positive film heights in the reported runs, and the efficiency of the sparse solver.