Formulasi dan Uji Antibakteri Sabun Padat Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Kirinyuh dan Bidara terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923
TL;DR
This soap effectively inhibited S. aureus with good physical quality, and Formula 2 was determined to be the most optimum concentration, which was statistically comparable to the positive control, Asepso soap.
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting 80–85% of adolescents, with Staphylococcus aureus infection being one of its main triggers. Kirinyuh leaves (Chromolaena odorata) and bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana) contain antibacterial bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, making the combination of both potentially effective as a natural antiseptic cleanser in solid soap. This study aimed to formulate a solid soap combining kirinyuh and bidara leaf extracts that meets the physical quality standards of SNI 3532:2021, as well as to determine the concentration with optimum inhibitory activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923. This laboratory experimental study used 70% ethanol maceration and saponification of oil bases (VCO, olive, and palm oil) to produce four formulas (F0 as the base control; F1, F2, F3 with varying extract concentrations), which were subsequently evaluated for physical quality, hedonic properties, and irritation in 20 panelists. Antibacterial activity was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and the resulting data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. All formulas met SNI criteria and caused no irritation, with Formula 2 (2.5% kirinyuh : 7.5% bidara) producing the largest inhibition zone (12.20 ± 0.67 mm, strong category), which was statistically comparable to the positive control, Asepso soap (p = 0.412). This soap effectively inhibited S. aureus with good physical quality, and Formula 2 was determined to be the most optimum concentration.