Restoring Degraded Mangrove Ecosystems in The Niger Delta: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation

Abstract

Mangrove ecosystems in the Niger Delta constitute the largest mangrove forest in Africa and provide critical ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, coastal protection, biodiversity conservation, and livelihood support for coastal communities. However, these ecosystems have experienced extensive degradation due to oil pollution, deforestation, land-use change, urbanization, and unsustainable resource exploitation. The degradation of mangroves has significantly reduced their capacity to function as effective carbon sinks and natural buffers against climate-related hazards, thereby increasing vulnerability to climate change impacts such as sea-level rise, coastal erosion, and flooding. This paper examines the restoration of degraded mangrove ecosystems in the Niger Delta and analyzes its implications for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Drawing on existing literature, the paper highlights key drivers of mangrove degradation, current restoration approaches, and their potential contributions to enhance carbon storage and climate resilience. The findings suggest that mangrove restoration represents a cost-effective, nature-based solution that can simultaneously support climate mitigation by enhancing carbon sequestration and promote adaptation by strengthening coastal resilience. The paper emphasizes the importance of integrated restoration strategies that combine ecological restoration with community participation, effective governance, and supportive policy frameworks. Strengthening these elements is essential for scaling up restoration efforts and maximizing their long-term climate and socioeconomic benefits in the Niger Delta.