A Review of Social Media Use, Depressive Symptoms, and Underlying Psychological Mechanisms in University Students

Abstract

As social media has become an integral part of university students' daily lives, its impact on mental health has attracted increasing attention. Against this background, this paper reviews existing research on social media use and depressive symptoms, focusing on overall associations, variations across types of use, and the psychological mechanisms involved. Previous studies have generally indicated that the relationship between social media use and depression is complex rather than simply causal. More specifically, problematic, passive, and addictive forms of use are more strongly associated with psychological risks than general or functional use. At the mechanism level, FoMO and upward social comparison may serve as initial triggers by fostering feelings of inadequacy and negative self-perceptions, which may then be reinforced by envy and rumination, further prolonging negative emotions. Meanwhile, loneliness and limited social support may exacerbate depressive symptoms. Consequently, the impact of social media on university students' mental health is shaped by usage duration, usage patterns, and the psychological processes involved.