Results suggest that GmCS1 may be a functional ceramide synthase gene in soybean, with the GmCS1-mediated regulatory network playing a crucial role in controlling branch development by IAA and CKs homeostasis.
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was originally domesticated in China and is a kind of significant leguminous crop, which can fix atmospheric nitrogen to bioavailable nitrogen in association with rhizobia. Ceramides, intermediates of sphingolipids, are crucial structural components in membrane formation and also function as signaling molecules, which play crucial roles in plant development and defense. Although Arabidopsis ceramide synthase genes AtLOH1 and AtLOH3 overexpression plants increased biomass compared to the wild type, the potential mechanism in plant growth was still unclear. A soybean ceramide synthase gene 1 (GmCS1) has a high expression level in the stem, and the protein is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression of GmCS1 promotes soybean lateral branch development for effective branch formation, significantly increasing the number of lateral branches and pods. Using transcriptomic profiles, we found that GmCS1 overexpression lines displayed the upregulation of plant hormone signal transduction pathway gene expression in developmental branches. Actually, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) induces bud outgrowth rather than initiation according to the determination of endogenous IAA and cytokinin (CKs) in soybean lateral branches. Collectively, these results suggest that GmCS1 may be a functional ceramide synthase gene in soybean, with the GmCS1-mediated regulatory network playing a crucial role in controlling branch development by IAA and CKs homeostasis. Exploring the regulation mechanisms by GmCS1 overexpression lines is essential for Ideal Soybean Architecture (ISA) innovation.
The results suggest that OsCYP51H9 participates in the phytosterol-BR pathway and plays a positive role in rice adaptation to low-nitrogen environments, providing a potential target for molecular breeding.
Zhengli Jiao, Jianyi Li, Weijuan Xu et al.· Plant physiology and biochem...· 0 citations
The findings suggest that GmRD22 has undergone directional selection during soybean domestication and improvement, and offer new insights into the genetic control of SNF and establish promising targets for breeding soybean varieties with improved nitrogen fixation efficiency.
Hanyu Zhao, Jiaying Zhong, Chao Ma et al.· Plants· 0 citations
Soil salinization poses a significant challenge to soybean production, yet the regulatory mechanisms underlying root responses to salt stress remain incompletely understood. In this study, we analyzed the expression patterns, subcellular localization, and functions of overexpressed GmJAZ5 in soybean roots. Under salt stress, GmJAZ5 expression was consistently downregulated in leaves, whereas roots exhibited initial suppression followed by a recovery phase. The GmJAZ5 protein was localized to the nucleus. GmJAZ5 overexpression markedly attenuated salt-induced growth inhibition and enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT). This manipulation also reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and decreased both Na+ content and the Na+/K+ ratio in leaves. Additionally, it exerted tissue-specific effects on jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels. These results indicate that overexpression of GmJAZ5 enhances salt tolerance in soybean by strengthening antioxidant defenses, limiting Na+ translocation, and modulating phytohormone homeostasis, highlighting its potential as a candidate gene for breeding salt-tolerant soybean varieties.
Ai-Xuan Ou, Wenkang Huang, Huan-Ga Qiu et al.· International Journal of Mol...· 0 citations
It is demonstrated that PlPAT1 functions as a positive regulator of salt stress tolerance, likely through modulating osmotic balance and enhancing reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity.
Jian Cai, Xuemei Zhang, Cong Yan et al.· BMC Genomics· 0 citations
ABSTRACT Phytophthora root rot, a devastating disease caused by Phytophthora sojae, poses a significant threat to worldwide soybean ( Glycine max ) production. Therefore, enhancing crop resistance to this pathogen is a major breeding objective. However, the signalling mechanisms underlying the response of soybean plants to P. sojae infection, and the networks and targets of key transcription factors TFs, are not yet fully understood. Here, we reveal the mechanisms and function of GmERF109, which differs in expression between soybean cultivars resistant and susceptible to P. sojae race 1 and encodes an AP2/ERF transcription factor. Molecular evaluation and disease resistance analysis show that GmERF109 is a nucleus‐localized transcription factor that positively regulates soybean resistance to P. sojae. We also demonstrate that GmERF109 targets and activates the expression of GmG4DT‐like, a gene whose role in the biosynthesis of the phytoalexin glyceollin was confirmed through overexpression and RNA interference (RNAi) analyses. GmG4DT‐like also enhances P. sojae resistance. GmG4DT‐like and GmERF109 greatly increased the content of the glyceollin I isomer. Overall, our results suggest that GmERF109 enhances glyceollin accumulation by positively regulating the expression of its target gene GmG4DT‐like, thereby improving soybean resistance to P. sojae. These findings provide novel insights into soybean resistance to Phytophthora root rot and will be useful in efforts to create resistant soybean cultivars.
