[BMIM]OAc‐Mediated One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrazolo[4,3‐ a ]acridines and Their Pharmaceutical Evaluations

Abstract

An environmentally friendly one‐pot synthesis of pyrazolo[4,3‐ a ]acridine derivatives 4(a–o) has been developed using 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM]OAc) as a green and recyclable catalyst in ethanol under reflux conditions. The reaction between 5‐aminoindazole, dimedone, and various isatin derivatives resulted in high yields (84%–96%) of the desired compounds within short reaction times. Structural characterization was achieved using NMR and mass spectrometry. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Compounds 4e, 4k, and 4n exhibited strong antibacterial and antifungal effects, with zones of inhibition comparable to standard drugs. Additionally, compounds 4c, 4e, 4k, and 4m demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against MDA‐MB‐231, MCF‐7, and SiHa cancer cell lines, with IC 50 values close to that of paclitaxel. These findings suggest that the synthesized pyrazolo[4,3‐ a ]acridines are promising scaffolds for future antimicrobial and anticancer drug development.