Pediatric feeding disorder in autism spectrum disorder: Preliminary findings

Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose: to determine the prevalence of signs suggestive of pediatric feeding disorder (PFD) in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), to characterize their feeding and sensory profiles, and describe the health impacts. Methods: the study included caregivers of 40 patients (predominantly males, aged 2 to 15 years) undergoing speech-language-hearing therapy. A questionnaire was administered to identify signs of PFD and characterize the feeding profile, the impact of feeding difficulties, nutritional and general health issues, and the family's perception of sensory development. Analysis was both descriptive and analytical, estimating the prevalence of PFD signs and assessing the association between food refusal and sensory difficulties, using Fisher's exact test (p ≤ 0.05). Results: 70% of participants exhibited signs of PFD. Higher rates of refusal were observed for grains, vegetables, and pureed foods, with no influence from temperature or color. Low dietary variety, nutritional and/or health issues, and social impact resulting from disruptive mealtime behaviors (alongside sensory alterations) were predominant. Low dietary variety was associated with olfactory difficulties. Conclusion: the prevalence of signs of PFD was high, with specific characteristics in feeding and sensory profiles that should be considered in multidisciplinary interventions, given their impact on health, social interaction, and family management.