Sep 2026· Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal· 0 citations· 29 references
Abstract
The dynamic nature of thermal processes means that predictive algorithms are an obvious choice for controlling processes of this type. Unfortunately, the product variability commonly found in real-world processes forces changes in the operating point. This, in turn, forces changes in the controller settings. Unfortunately, even for commonly used PI controllers, this is not usually done in practice. This approach results in a deterioration of the control loop efficiency indices and, consequently, the efficiency of the process and even the quality of the product. Therefore, the implementation of a predictive controller in the control system that would not require personnel to re-parameterize in the event of a change in the operating point seems very attractive. The linear version of the DMC predictive controller meets these expectations, as it features a low computational complexity of the control law formula. This feature allows for its implementation in a PLC. It should be emphasized that the components of the control law for a specific operating point are the result of complex calculations that are difficult to perform in a PLC. A change in the operating point forces them to be re-determined. Therefore, only the combination of a PLC and an industrial computer (IPC) in an edge computing architecture allows the full use of the afore-mentioned advantages of the DMC predictive controller. This paper presents a predictive edge dynamic matrix control (EDMC) algorithm designed to control heat sources operating as a part of heat distribution systems. The EDMC algorithm is implemented partially in a PLC and partially in an edge device. This cooperation significantly increases the system’s available computational power and makes this solution possible to implement in industry. In addition, the publication presents a comparison of the performance quality offered by the EDMC system described in relation to the commonly used PI controller.
This contribution shows that super-twisting control (STC) can be an interesting alternative to PI control in practical applications, even if the practical problem is not in the "classical form" (relative degree one with matched disturbance). To that end, temperature control of the process air of a fuel-cell test bed is considered. The temperature dynamics involve heat transfer from the heater to the process air and heat convection along a pipe to the device under test, hence the dynamics heavily depend on the mass flow rate. Nonetheless, it is shown that by exploiting physical insights the plant model can be simplified to a first-order lag element with parameters depending on the mass flow rate. Due to these simplifications, however, one has to deal with unmodelled dynamics—as is usually the case in practical applications. Both a STC and a PI controller are designed for a nominal case and are then used in the nominal and an uncertain case. While "classical" STC cannot replace PI control, since it exhibits chattering due to the unmodelled dynamics, it is shown for this example that a low-chattering modification of the STC yields a better transient behaviour than PI control in both the nominal and the uncertain case, i.e. virtually no overshoot, while showing a similar steady-state behaviour. To further promote the practical use of STC, this contribution provides practical insights and intuition.
S. Hölzl, Benedikt Andritsch· International Workshop on Va...· 0 citations
This is an example of a paper that will provide a numerical simulation study on analytical solutions for optimal control of solar heat supply systems (SHSS). It will develop and solve a mathematical model for the “solar collector - storage tank” subsystem using a finite element technique and standard k-epsilon turbulence closure, derive an optimal pump speed control law for maximizing heat delivery to the storage tank, through a collection of output heat functions demonstrated as quadratic with respect to flow rate G
opt
for each instantaneous solar insolation level J, continuously determine G
opt
through algorithm methodology based on microcontroller maximum heat exchange outlet temperature and non-volatile “J-G” maps in memory for rapid response to non-stationary irradiance conditions. The simulation results demonstrated that the proposed strategy can achieve a seasonal thermal efficiency increase of 11-22 percentage points compared to conventional ON/OFF differential temperature control while increasing the pressure drop only 10.3%. In addition, the thermal-enhancement of peak Nusselt number (18.9%) and Performance Evaluation Criterion (1.15) indicates that there is a net thermohydraulic benefit to implementing the proposed strategies. The results of the study quantitively identify tuning of controllers and sizing of heat exchangers in residential and commercial solar installations.
Zhumakulov Zhoodarbek, Obozov Alaibek, Bekov Elmurat et al.· EPJ Web of Conferences· 0 citations
The electrical complexes of modern industrial and power systems generally operate under variable conditions of dynamic load variation with the increased utilization of power electronic devices and renewable energy resources. The impact of these conditions on the stability of electrical complexes is considerable. Therefore, the traditional fixed-point design method is no longer applicable. In the context of the above, a comprehensive framework of modelling and analysis of electrical complexes under variable conditions of dynamic load variation is proposed. In this context, unified mathematical models of electrical complexes and interconnected systems in the state space have been proposed. The methods for the evaluation of dynamic performance, stability, and robustness under parameter uncertainties are described. Moreover, integrated control strategies, which use a combination of classical control, optimal control, and adaptive control, can be employed to achieve integrated control as well as robustness. The above-discussed methods have shown promise for enhancing voltage regulation, dynamic performance, and efficiency, and they can be considered a robust tool for developing reliable and intelligent electric complexes.
M. Kalpanadevi, Manuneethi Arasu. P, Sivashankar. A et al.· Adolescência e Saúde· 0 citations
Determining suitable PI controller coefficients remains a labor-intensive process that often relies on trial-and-error or analytical methods requiring detailed system models. This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop approach that optimizes PI coefficients directly on a physical machine, eliminating the need for transfer function identification and simulation. The machine operates as a black box, with candidate solutions evaluated through measured step responses via a remote procedure call interface. Three evolutionary algorithms, Differential Evolution (DE), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES), were compared under strict real-world constraints: one-minute evaluation times and a total optimization budget of one hour. Initial experiments optimizing only the velocity controller achieved up to 90% improvement but introduced oscillation artifacts caused by an inverse dependency between the cascaded velocity and torque controllers. Simultaneous optimization of both controllers resolved these side effects, yielding a 48% reduction in overshoot and 43% in undershoot compared to the manufacturer's default parameters. All algorithms converged within approximately ten minutes. DE and PSO are recommended as the most effective choices for this optimization scenario.
Gabriel Graf, Christian Lins· Proceedings of the Genetic a...· 0 citations
The article formulates the task of synthesizing closed-circuit control systems for electric resistance furnaces (ERF) according to a complex criterion for minimizing energy costs and transient time in these systems. This quality criterion relatively fully takes into account the basic requirements for the functioning of ERF, which form a fairly wide class of control object (their number reaches up to 90 % of all electrothermal installations in the country), characterized by high energy consumption and inertia of processes. The optimal control problem uses a generally accepted mathematical model of ERF dynamics in the form of a transfer function describing the dependence of the temperature in the furnace (adjustable value) on the control action, which is the electric power released on the heating element. А method for solving it is proposed, which provides a significant reduction in energy costs when controlling the furnace in comparison with known methods, high accuracy of temperature control, as well as the possibility of taking into account restrictions on the values of the controlled value and control action. The method is based on the transformation of this quality criterion into a kind of generalized functional and the application of the theory of analytical design of optimal regulators by А. A. Krasovsky using the predictive model of free movement of ERF. The proposed energy-saving positional control algorithms allow for a relatively simple implementation using modern microprocessor control devices. An example of the synthesis of energy-saving feedback algorithms for a specific object is considered.
V. I. Lovchakov, V. Mozzhechkov· Mekhatronika Avtomatizatsiya...· 0 citations
The development of effective control systems for nonlinear technological processes remains one of the key challenges in modern control theory. Of particular interest are systems for which a complete dynamic model is unavailable, while the static cha-racteristic of the control channel is known and exhibits an extremal nature. In such cases, traditional linear design methods fail to provide satisfactory control performance, necessitating the use of specialized synthesis techniques that account for the structure of the mathematical model and the specific properties of the plant.This paper explores the method of Analytical Design of Aggregated Regulators (ADAR), which enables the synthesis of a control algorithm based on a simplified plant description combining a nonlinear static model and a linear dynamic model. To ensure system stability in the region of the maximum of the static characteristic, a piecewise-constant function is introduced into the control law, allowing the algorithm to adapt to the sign change of the plant’s transfer coefficient.The proposed approach is applied to the control of a chemical reactor. Four variants of control algorithms were synthesized, differing in structure and the inclusion of an integral component. Computational experiments confirmed the operability and effectiveness of the proposed regulators. The results demonstrate that the ADAR method provides a powerful and practical tool for designing control laws for nonlinear systems under conditions of limited information about the plant dynamics.
A. Andreenkov, A. Labutin· Vestnik of Samara State Tech...· 0 citations
Known for his clear and elegant writing style, Bertsekas shaped fields from control and optimization to large-scale computation and artificial intelligence.
