Genome-Wide Association Study of Body Measurement Traits at Birth in Cattle

Abstract

Simple Summary Hexi cattle are an important indigenous beef population in China, known for their strong adaptability to dry environments and excellent growth performance. However, the genetic factors influencing their early growth traits remain largely unclear. In this study, we analyzed the genomes of 264 Hexi calves to identify genes associated with body weight and three body size traits at birth. We found that male calves were significantly larger than females across all measured traits. Using a genome-wide association approach, we identified 11 candidate genes that may play key roles in early growth and development. These genes are promising targets for future breeding programs, as they could be used to select calves with superior growth potential from an early age. Our findings provide valuable genetic resources that can help accelerate genetic improvement and enhance breeding efficiency in Hexi cattle populations.