Advances in Bluetongue Virus Antigenicity and Vaccine Strategies: Progress and Perspectives

Abstract

Simple Summary This review elucidates the antigenic architecture of Bluetongue virus (BTV) and the ensuing immune responses. It critically evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of conventional vaccines relative to emerging vaccine platforms. Furthermore, it underscores the imperative for future research to develop next-generation BTV vaccines that offer enhanced safety, broader cross-serotype protection and practicality.