The functional roles of key immune and stromal populations, including tumor-associated macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, regulatory T cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells are discussed, highlighting their contribution to immunosuppressive signaling networks.
Targeting the mechanisms regulating Treg recruitment, stability, or suppressive function may represent a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies including Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy.
Yusuke Fukiage, Nodoka Okubo, M. Taga et al.· Frontiers in Molecular Biosc...· 0 citations
This review comprehensively examines the cellular and acellular architecture of the TME, emphasizing its spatial organization, metabolic reprogramming, mechanical properties, and immunological regulation across diverse tumor types.
R. Latif, Taufiq Nawaz· Critical reviews in oncology...· 0 citations
Together, current evidence indicates that MDSCs represent context-dependent therapeutic nodes, while functional reprogramming, spatially resolved profiling, and patient stratification may improve immunotherapy outcomes.
Lisichen Zhu, Hui Liu, Sihan Zhang et al.· Cancer Letters· 1 citation
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem composed of cancer cells, stromal cells, immune cells, and the extracellular matrix, which significantly influences the initiation, progression, and therapeutic response of cancer. Emerging evidence indicates a crucial interaction between the nervous a...
Zhi-Fan Ran, Cheng-Hong Zeng, Jin-Li Han et al.· Frontiers in Immunology· 0 citations
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic and complex ecosystem composed of malignant cells, stromal components, immune cells, extracellular matrix, and soluble mediators that collectively drive tumor progression, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Among its non-malignant constituents, cancer-associated fibrob...
Muhindo Edgar· NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNA...· 0 citations
: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) develop within a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by chronic inflammation, extensive stromal remodeling, and impaired antitumor immunity. Among stromal components, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have eme...
N. Porro, Silvia Marri, F. Salani et al.· Oncology Research· 0 citations
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