Fluid-Thermal Analysis of the Impact of 2026 vs 2025 Formula 1 Technical Regulations on Sustainability

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the comparative impact of the 2025 and 2026 Formula 1 technical regulations on aerodynamic performance, drag force, power unit efficiency, and their correlation to reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. The research method employed is library research conducted through six systematic stages, utilizing descriptive quantitative analysis with data sourced from official FIA regulations, scientific journals, and technical F1 articles.The findings indicate that the complete transition to e-fuels and the restriction of fuel energy flow directly result in a reduction of the internal combustion engine's (ICE) raw power. To compensate for this power loss, the 2026 F1 chassis is designed to be sleeker to slash the drag coefficient (Cd), supported by active aerodynamics systems (Mode X and Mode Z) to dynamically minimize drag force on straightaways. However, in the electrical sector, the surge in MGU-K power to 350 kW following the removal of the MGU-H triggers extremely high thermal loads on the energy store (ES) and electric motors. To maintain high brake thermal efficiency (BTE), these new regulations necessitate the integration of more complex liquid cooling systems and ERS thermal management.Overall, the success of the 2026 F1 regulations in achieving net-zero carbon targets relies not only on the adoption of environmentally friendly fuels but also on the absolute synergy between active fluid drag reduction and thermal mitigation to consistently prevent power derating.