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Ultra-deep Imaging of the Starless Galaxy Candidate Cloud-9

Aug 2026 · Research Notes of the AAS · Vol 10, pp. 247 · 0 citations · 17 references
Physics

Abstract

We report the non-detection of stellar light associated with the dark galaxy candidate Cloud-9. Ultra-deep imaging obtained with HiPERCAM at the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) reaches surface-brightness limits of 31.4 and 31.0 mag arcsec−2 in g and r, respectively, approximately ten times deeper than previous deep imaging of the region. No stellar emission is detected within the central 1′×1′ (∼1.3 × 1.3 kpc) region of Cloud-9. Assuming an old, metal-poor stellar population, these limits imply a stellar surface mass density of no more than ∼0.01 M⊙ pc−2 and an upper limit on the total stellar mass of 1.6 × 104 M⊙. This independent constraint from integrated light complements previous limits based on resolved-star counts and strengthens the case for Cloud-9 as a candidate starless galaxy.

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