Dysbiosis and Staphylococcus aureus: Implications for Atopic Dermatitis and Other Dermatoses

Abstract

This study aimed to review the scientific literature on dysbiosis characterized by Staphylococcus aureus enrichment and its implications for atopic dermatitis and other dermatoses. A narrative literature review was conducted using the PubMed database with the descriptors “Staphylococcus aureus” and “dysbiosis”, covering publications from January 2014 to May 2026. A total of 372 articles were identified, of which 38 met the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively synthesized. Most studies (n = 31) specifically examined the association between S. aureus–related dysbiosis and atopic dermatitis, with bacterial enrichment primarily assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The evidence explored the potential roles of distinct bacterial species in exerting protective or exacerbating effects on dermatoses, as well as the mechanisms underlying skin barrier dysfunction and the development of dermatological lesions. Additionally, emerging innovative therapeutic perspectives for atopic dermatitis were discussed, particularly strategies aimed at modulating or reducing S. aureus abundance. Collectively, the findings indicate that increased S. aureus abundance represents a significant risk factor for multiple dermatological conditions; however, the complexity of host–microbiome interactions and the directionality of these relationships remain incompletely understood. The identification of specific microbial biomarkers may enable earlier diagnosis and support the development of targeted therapeutic interventions for dermatological diseases associated with S. aureus overabundance.