Multi-omics analyses, including gut metagenomics, brain transcriptomic, and fat body metabolomics, revealed an extreme polarization during diapause, suggesting a trade-off where microbial metabolic diversity is sacrificed in favor of intracellular symbionts that may regulate host mitochondrial activity and suppress energy consumption.
Abstract
Diapause in Coridius chinensis is a complex survival strategy that enables them to survive under prolonged cold stress. To elucidate the mechanisms of temperature regulation during diapause, we conducted multi-omics analyses, including gut metagenomics, brain transcriptomics, and fat body metabolomics, under both normal (25 °C) and diapause conditions (4 °C). Gut microbiome analysis revealed an extreme polarization during diapause, dominated by the endosymbionts Pantoea endophytica (52%) and Rickettsia bellii (47.4%), while functional microbiota such as Pantoea and Dietzia were significantly reduced. This shift suggests a trade-off where microbial metabolic diversity is sacrificed in favor of intracellular symbionts that may regulate host mitochondrial activity and suppress energy consumption. Brain transcriptomic analysis indicated a downregulation of neural signaling pathways related to feeding suppression, stress resistance, and circadian rhythm regulation. Fat body metabolomics identified the coordinated activation of 13 core pathways that link energy storage with stress adaptation, with dynamic changes ranging from rapid stress responses (0–300 AU) to energy storage dominance (300–500 AU), and finally to a state of homeostasis (>500 AU). Notably, dysregulated choline metabolism was significantly correlated with necrotic features (r = 0.78, p < 0.001), while catecholamine biosynthesis derived from tyrosine emerged as a corrective pathway, revealing the mechanistic link between metabolic flexibility and survival. Adults primarily utilize plants within the Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, and Solanaceae families as hosts, underpinned by long-standing folk traditions in specific localities regarding their dietary consumption or therapeutic application.
Temperature constrains stable mycelial growth and production of Oudemansiella raphanipes, but its molecular response to heat stress followed by recovery remains insufficiently resolved. We integrated untargeted LC-MS metabolomics and RNA sequencing to compare control mycelia maintained at 28 °C (HPJZ28) with mycelia exposed to 42 °C for 6 h and then allowed to recover at 28 °C for 2 h (HPJZ42-R). Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles separated clearly between the two conditions, indicating broad post-heat recovery-associated molecular remodeling. Most differential metabolites were lower in HPJZ42-R, whereas a smaller subset accumulated, suggesting selective metabolic reorganization rather than generalized activation. Transcriptome analysis identified extensive gene-expression remodeling, with 1081 upregulated and 1878 downregulated genes in the HPJZ28 versus HPJZ42-R comparison. Pathway-level analyses implicated central carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, peroxisome-related processes, and calcium signaling. Because the sampling design included a recovery period and a single post-stress time point, integrated gene–metabolite correlations are interpreted as exploratory associations rather than evidence of direct regulatory coupling. These results provide species-level multi-omics evidence for the post-heat recovery state of O. raphanipes and identify candidate pathways for future functional and physiological validation.
Yangyang Peng, Jianhao Wang, Ling-Jun Xu et al.· Journal of Fungi· 0 citations
Simple Summary Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an economically important species in freshwater aquaculture. However, climate change and rising sea levels are causing sudden increases in salt levels in farming areas, threatening their survival and regional economies. This study aimed to understand the internal survival strategies of adult prawns when exposed to sudden high salt conditions over a two-day period. By examining the active genes and metabolites in the prawns, researchers discovered that the animals shift from a quick stress response to a systemic physical adjustment. The results showed that to survive the salty environment, the prawns activate internal cell cleaning and repair systems while changing how they use fats and energy. Most importantly, they use a unique strategy to reduce the breakdown of specific amino acids, retaining these molecules to balance the intense outside salt pressure. In conclusion, these prawns survive extreme salt stress by combining cellular protection with a metabolite saving strategy. This research not only decodes the survival mechanisms of these prawns but also provides a basis for breeding salt-resistant varieties, helping the aquaculture industry better address the practical challenges posed by climate change.
Yan Xia, Zhong-Hong Li, Xudong Shen et al.· Biology· 0 citations
Multi-omics analysis revealed hypoxia-induced alterations in metabolites and genes, providing crucial insights into the hypoxia tolerance mechanism of the L. crocea and offering evidence supporting the improved hypoxia tolerance of the selected population.
Yibo Zhang, Jie Ding, Xue-Lei Wang et al.· Marine Pollution Bulletin· 0 citations
With the ubiquity of lithium‐ion batteries, lithium has emerged as a critical environmental contaminant, yet the mechanisms of its toxicity and tolerance in plants remain poorly understood. This study investigates the physiological and molecular responses of the C4 model crop foxtail millet (
Setaria italica
) to LiCl stress. Physiological analyses revealed a concentration‐dependent effect: while low Li
+
levels activated the antioxidant system, exposure to 50 mg/L LiCl triggered a severe oxidative burst, leading to the suppression of antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT), lipid peroxidation, and significant growth inhibition. Transcriptomic profiling of the cultivar “Jingu 21” identified 1562 commonly regulated differentially expressed genes, indicating that Li
+
stress disrupts Na
+
/K
+
homeostasis and reprograms metabolic pathways, including the upregulation of branched‐chain amino acid degradation and plant‐pathogen interaction pathways. To validate these findings, we analyzed five additional cultivars exhibiting differential tolerance. Comparative analysis demonstrated that the robust tolerance observed in “Jigu 22” correlated with the strong induction of key genes‐specifically the transcription factor
SiBHLH148
, the vacuolar transporter
SiNHX1
, and the lipid transfer protein
SiDIR1
‐
suggesting
their pivotal roles in maintaining ROS homeostasis and ion compartmentalization. These results elucidate the molecular basis of LiCl adaptation in foxtail millet and provide crucial genetic targets for breeding crops resilient to lithium pollution.
Wei-Juan Zhou, Yitong Zhao, Jie Zheng et al.· Food and Energy Security· 0 citations
Abstract The induced capacity of plant growth-defense trade-offs under biotic stress is increasingly recognized. While many studies focus primarily on plants’ defense activation stage during insect attacks, limited attention has been given to poststress recovery. Herein, leaves from normal and postherbivory tea plants were collected during the compensation stage, and their microbiomes, metabolomes, and transcriptomes were used to dissect the mechanisms underlying growth-defense trade-offs. The results revealed that apart from altering the microbial community diversity, insect herbivory significantly enriched leaf-associated pathogens, particularly Alternaria spp. Network analysis and in-situ separation jointly revealed the role of Sphingomonas aquatilis in resisting pathogen invasion. Meanwhile, the restructured microbiota exhibited stronger network stability, indicating the enhancement of pathogen resistance among the endophytic community. Moreover, integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that genes such as GSGT1, GolS4, and α-gal may regulate synthesis and degradation of growth-promoting and defense metabolites. The downregulated flavonoids were defense compounds against pathogens and the upregulated saccharides were plant growth-promoting compounds, which were verified in subsequent tests. Overall, tea plants compensate for reduced defense through restructuring of the endophytic microbiota, and prioritize growth over defense through metabolic resetting after insect herbivory. This study also revealed new biocontrol and growth-promoting resources for tea plants.
Yishuai Yang, Zihan Shi, Yu-Lian Deng et al.· Horticulture Research· 0 citations
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