Aug 2026· Insects· Vol 17, pp. 884· 0 citations· 49 references
TL;DR
Findings indicate that neonicotinoid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens is supported by coordinated remodelling of central metabolism and detoxification and identify two candidate metabolic nodes for further resistance management research.
Abstract
Metabolic resistance is commonly attributed to the overexpression of detoxification enzymes, whereas the metabolic systems that sustain detoxification remain less well resolved. Here, we integrated widely targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics to compare the clothianidin-resistant brown planthopper strain CLR with the susceptible strain CLS and validated candidate genes in an independent nitenpyram-resistant background. CLR and CLS exhibited distinct metabolomic profiles. Differential genes and metabolites converged on carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glutathione metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, cytochrome P450-mediated xenobiotic metabolism, and ABC transporters. These changes were summarized into four interconnected modules involving glycolytic energy supply, protective sugar-derived metabolites, pyruvate–TCA–malate metabolism, and UGT-mediated glycosylation. Expression analysis identified a mitochondrial NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase gene and UDP-glucosyltransferase 2 (UGT2) as consistently upregulated in both resistant backgrounds. Silencing NADP reduced the LC50 of nitenpyram and clothianidin by 1.84- and approximately 1.81-fold, respectively, whereas UGT2 silencing produced corresponding reductions of 1.89- and 1.83-fold. These findings indicate that neonicotinoid resistance in Nilaparvata lugens is supported by coordinated remodelling of central metabolism and detoxification and identify two candidate metabolic nodes for further resistance management research.
Flavonoids play critical roles in plant adaptation to abiotic stress; however, how salt stress modulates metabolic flux distribution within flavonoid branches remains poorly understood, particularly in non-model medicinal plants. Here, we integrated targeted metabolomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics to examine flavonoid regulation in Anoectochilus roxburghii under 0, 50, 100, and 200 mmol·L− 1 NaCl. Metabolite profiling showed that salinity reshaped flavonoid composition rather than uniformly increasing flavonoid abundance. A metabolite-derived branch bias index (MI), representing the balance between reductive branch metabolites and flavonol products, increased under salt treatment, peaked at 100 mmol·L− 1 NaCl, and declined at 200 mmol·L− 1, indicating maximal branch bias under moderate stress followed by partial rebalancing under severe stress. Transcriptomic analysis showed induction of upstream phenylpropanoid and flavonoid entry genes, including PAL, 4CL, and CHS, whereas F3H was suppressed and FLS showed no induction. Furthermore, several short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase homologs (IFR-like SDR homologs) were upregulated, and the transcript-derived reductive branch index (EI) increased progressively across the salt gradient. EI was positively associated with MI, although the relationship was not strictly proportional under severe stress (200 mmol·L− 1 NaCl). Proteomic profiling further provided supportive evidence for sustained activation of upstream flavonoid biosynthesis, such as salt-induced accumulation of chalcone synthase (CHS) protein, complementing the transcriptomic and metabolomic datasets. Together, these results indicate that salt stress reorganizes flavonoid metabolism in A. roxburghii through persistent upstream activation and branch-specific regulation, favoring the reductive branch under moderate salinity. Salt stress reprograms flavonoid branch reprogramming in Anoectochilus roxburghii, coupling sustained upstream activation with repression of the flavonol node and preferential engagement of the reductive branch.
Hui-Ming Huang, Wen-Qing Bao, Jiang-Bo Lin et al.· BMC Plant Biology· 0 citations
Temperature constrains stable mycelial growth and production of Oudemansiella raphanipes, but its molecular response to heat stress followed by recovery remains insufficiently resolved. We integrated untargeted LC-MS metabolomics and RNA sequencing to compare control mycelia maintained at 28 °C (HPJZ28) with mycelia exposed to 42 °C for 6 h and then allowed to recover at 28 °C for 2 h (HPJZ42-R). Metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles separated clearly between the two conditions, indicating broad post-heat recovery-associated molecular remodeling. Most differential metabolites were lower in HPJZ42-R, whereas a smaller subset accumulated, suggesting selective metabolic reorganization rather than generalized activation. Transcriptome analysis identified extensive gene-expression remodeling, with 1081 upregulated and 1878 downregulated genes in the HPJZ28 versus HPJZ42-R comparison. Pathway-level analyses implicated central carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, peroxisome-related processes, and calcium signaling. Because the sampling design included a recovery period and a single post-stress time point, integrated gene–metabolite correlations are interpreted as exploratory associations rather than evidence of direct regulatory coupling. These results provide species-level multi-omics evidence for the post-heat recovery state of O. raphanipes and identify candidate pathways for future functional and physiological validation.
Yangyang Peng, Jianhao Wang, Ling-Jun Xu et al.· Journal of Fungi· 0 citations
Polygonatum cyrtonema
Hua is a traditional Chinese medicine with the same origin as both medicine and food, and its medicinal components have considerable clinical value. Due to its substantial market demand, it is now primarily produced through artificial cultivation. To produce high-quality
P. cyrtonema
, we performed transcriptome and metabolome sequencing of one-year-old and three-year-old
P. cyrtonema
to explore the growth regulation mechanisms and key genes involved in improving its quality. A total of 1,957 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 163 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified in this study. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses suggested that the growth regulation of
P. cyrtonema
may be primarily associated with sphingolipid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Our data suggest that sucrose transport to sink organs may be facilitated by increased expression of the bidirectional sugar transporter
SWEET14
, and sucrose may be hydrolyzed by
β-fructofuranosidase
, potentially providing energy for plant growth on one hand and contributing to fructose accumulation on the other. Furthermore, the elevated abundance of L-phenylalanine may be associated with an increase in secondary metabolites, which could provide a metabolic basis for age-dependent growth and metabolite partitioning in rhizomes. The observed downregulation of sphingolipid metabolism-related genes may reflect the perennial growth habit of
P. cyrtonema
, whereby slower growth in the first year may promote sphingolipid-mediated root development. However, we emphasize that these inferences are based on correlative transcriptomic and metabolomic data, and functional validation is required to establish causal relationships.
Yu Wang, Hai-Yang Zhao, Wen-Jie He et al.· Frontiers in Plant Science· 0 citations
The widespread application of glyphosate has resulted in the evolution of glyphosate resistance in Lolium rigidum. This study investigated the resistance mechanism in an Australian population of L. rigidum, designated WALR60. Transcriptome sequencing coupled with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses identified significant upregulation of ABCC3.2, ABCB11, and ABCC13 in the WALR60 population compared to susceptible controls. Structural analysis revealed that LrABCC3.2 lacks the N-terminal TMD0 domain present in its homolog LrABCC3.1, representing a core ABC transporter. LrABCC3.2-transformed yeast cells exhibited enhanced tolerance to glyphosate, as compared to the empty vector control. Similarly, rice calli and seedlings overexpressing ABCC3.2 (ABCC3.2-OE) showed increased glyphosate resistance relative to the corresponding GFP-overexpressing (GFP-OE) controls. Additionally, the LrABCC3.2-OE lines displayed resistance to haloxyfop and pinoxaden. Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of transgenic rice revealed that LrABCC3.2 overexpression significantly enriches the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway, with positive correlations between the expression of GPAT3, PLDα2, PLA14 and the accumulation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and choline. Comparative transcriptome analysis between resistant L. rigidum and LrABCC3.2-OE rice identified 10 commonly upregulated and 18 commonly downregulated genes, indicating a conserved detoxification mechanism. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ABCC3.2 overexpression contributes to glyphosate resistance in the WALR60 population and elucidates a potential downstream metabolic pathway involved in this trait.
Yu-Lan Ouyang, Jin-Feng Ying, Ya-Lin Zeng et al.· Pesticide Biochemistry and P...· 0 citations
Cultivated cardoon (
Cynara cardunculus
L. var.
altilis
) is a Mediterranean food crop of the Asteraceae family that is well adapted to environmental stress. In this study, we aimed to uncover the features of biochemical adaptations by reducing plant complexity and employing cultivated cell cultures as a model system. We exposed cardoon calli to chilling and salinity. The results showed significant proline accumulation under both stress conditions, with upregulation of the Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (
P5CS)
and Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (
P5CR)
key genes, in proline biosynthesis. Oxidative damage was evident, as indicated by elevated H
2
O
2
levels, only at high doses and prolonged saline imposition. Enzymatic analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) revealed metabolic reprogramming at the crossroads between primary and specialized metabolism in response to stress. GC-TOF-MS profiling identified 434 Differential Accumulated Metabolites (DAMs) upon stress, including organic acids, amino acids, sugars, alcohols, and polyphenols. A higher metabolic rearrangement was accompanied by increased levels of osmoprotectants such as organic acids (e.g., galactaric and galactonic acids) and amino acids (e.g., proline, phenylalanine, homoserine, and aspartate). Finally, we discuss our findings by focusing on how stress-induced metabolic reprogramming in cardoon calli, underpins the growth–defense trade-off and contributes to stress resilience.
D. Teresa, Marino Carmen, D'Alessandro Rosa et al.· Journal of Plant Growth Regu...· 0 citations
These findings provide the first comprehensive evidence that alkaloid metabolism, particularly the isoquinoline alkaloid pathway, are transcriptionally and metabolically reprogrammed during blister blight infection, suggesting a potential role in tea’s defense against this pathogen.
Yanglongyu Chen, Ping Li, Yuqing Ma et al.· Frontiers in Plant Science· 0 citations
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