Electricity Theft Detection and Protection in a Power Distribution System: A Modeling and Analysis Approach

Impact of Electrical Vehicle Charging Stations on the Electric Grid: Lessons Learnt and Challenges

The ambitious roadmap for a sustainable transport system adopted by the European Commission (EC) by 2050 includes the deployment of an extensive Electric Vehicle Charging Stations (EVCSs) infrastructure, which introduces significant challenges for distribution power grids. High power demand, particularly from fast-charging systems, may lead to network overloading and voltage unbalance. In addition, recent measurement campaigns highlight substantial changes in grid impedance and the emergence of resonance phenomena, together with the injection and propagation of high-frequency conducted disturbances. These effects extend over a wide frequency range, up to several hundreds of kHz, causing degradation, aging and malfunction of network assets, in particular Power Line Communications. This paper provides a comprehensive and updated review of the impact of EVCSs on electrical grids, covering power flow, power quality, stability, and impedance-related interactions. Particular attention is given to the role of power-electronic converters, high-frequency emissions, and the associated challenges in measurement and standardization. The analysis highlights that EVCS integration fundamentally alters the nature of electrical loads, requiring new approaches for grid planning, monitoring, and regulation. The study identifies key research gaps and outlines future directions to ensure the reliable and sustainable integration of electromobility into modern power systems.

INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS FOR DIAGNOSTICS AND MONITORING OF POWER EQUIPMENT

This article provides a review of methods for collecting and analyzing data characterizing the operating modes of key equipment in electric power systems. Using this information to model virtual replicas of power equipment (digital twins) provides a comprehensive assessment of the condition of electrical machines and devices in real time. This approach will ultimately enable a transition to predictive maintenance, reducing the likelihood of failures and increasing the reliability of power complexes. Examples of using multifunctional sensor systems to monitor the condition of turbogenerators, transformers, and high-voltage equipment are provided. It is shown that optimizing transformer and generator repairs through the transition to predictive maintenance reduces operating costs by 20–25 %. The limitations and prospects for integrating digital technologies into the energy sector are discussed to ensure sustainable energy consumption, minimize accidents, and digitalize the Russian energy sector.

INTEGRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS INTO POWER SYSTEMS: A REVIEW OF TECHNICAL CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

Energy Analysis Env Impacts

Modelling and Simulation of a 330 kV Power Transmission Network with FACTS Devices

The increasing demand for electrical energy, coupled with constrained expansion of physical transmission infrastructure, has placed significant operational stress on high-voltage power transmission networks. In Zambia, the 330 kV transmission system serves as the backbone of bulk power transfer, interconnecting major generation stations with critical load centres. Under rising load demand and contingency conditions, this network is increasingly exposed to voltage instability, reactive power deficiencies, and transmission congestion, which threaten system reliability and operational security. This study presents the modelling and simulation of a 330 kV power transmission network with the integration of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices. A detailed steady-state and dynamic model of the transmission network was developed to evaluate baseline system performance in terms of voltage profiles, power flows, and transmission losses. FACTS devices, specifically the Static Var Compensator (SVC) and the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), were incorporated to assess their effectiveness in enhancing voltage stability and controlling real and reactive power flows. Load flow and voltage stability analyses were conducted under normal, stressed, and contingency operating conditions using simulation platforms including MATLAB/Simulink, ETAP, and Power World Simulator. Quantitative results show that without FACTS compensation, heavily loaded receiving end buses suffer severe voltage degradation, with system voltage efficiencies falling between 86% and 92% (0.86–0.92 pu). Upon integrating 100 MVA SVC and STATCOM devices at critical weak buses, receiving-end voltage efficiencies were restored to 94–98% (0.94–0.98 pu), and dynamic bus voltages stabilised at approximately 0.97 pu following step-load variations. Furthermore, reactive power injection responses reached -0.54 pu and -0.31 pu to arrest voltage drops. The study concludes that FACTS devices offer a technically effective and economically practical alternative to traditional transmission expansion, contributing to improved use, reliability, and stability of high-voltage transmission infrastructure.

System Modeling and Simulation of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Roadways

Electrified roadways employing dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) technology require the installation of a power distribution system feeding a large number of highly variable power electronic loads. The design of such systems may benefit from detailed system simulations, which can be computationally expensive and challenging to set up. This paper develops a systematic time-domain modeling approach for DWPT roadways using the generalized state-space averaging method, enabling system-level analysis at time scales of interest to the power system analyst. A case study is used to demonstrate the utility of these models in investigating the impacts of design choices, traffic conditions, and electrical transients.