Integrated Sphingolipidomic and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Resistance Mechanisms to Bacterial Wilt in Peanut Varieties with Contrasting Tolerance

Distinct lipid and hormonal signatures reveal divergent responses to Erysiphe necator in resistant and susceptible grapevine genotypes

Key metabolic, signalling and gene expression features in the selected hybrid that may be relevant for resistance are identified, including rapid triacylglycerols degradation, galactolipid peroxidation, constitutive higher SA level and expression of the defensin VviAMP1.

Combined transcriptomics and metabolomics reveals the molecular mechanism by which rice responds to Ustilaginoidea virens infection.

The combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly enriched in resistant rice varieties, providing valuable information on the molecular mechanisms by which rice defends against U. virens infection.

Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of the antifungal mechanisms of Bacillus velezensis L33a against tomato Verticillium Wilt.

Verticillium dahliae is a destructive soil-borne fungus with a broad host range, and its persistence in soil complicates control. Current measures, mainly resistant cultivars and chemicals, are limited and environmentally risky, promoting biocontrol as a green alternative. Here, we investigated the biocontrol mechanisms of Bacillus velezensis L33a against V. dahliae JR2 in tomato. In vitro assays on PDA plates at 26°C for 9 d showed that L33a inhibited JR2 by 58.6%, caused hyphal malformation and disruption, and its volatile organic compounds suppressed pathogen growth. In pot experiments, tomato roots dipped in JR2 suspension (1 ×10⁶ CFU/mL) for 30 min at 7 d after transplanting and grown for 21 d achieved 60.9% control efficacy. Physiological assays indicated reduced peroxidase and catalase activities, while qPCR revealed that L33a alone upregulated JA signaling (SlJAZ1, SlMYC2, SlPI II) and antioxidant (SlCAT, SlAPX) genes, with further enhancement upon JR2 co-treatment. To track their interactions, we generated GFP-labeled JR2 and RFP-labeled L33a; dual fluorescence labeling showed that L33a endophytically colonized Arabidopsis thaliana roots and competed with JR2 for the same niche, correlating with reduced pathogen colonization. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis further revealed that L33a treatment altered pathways related to ABC transporters, amino acid metabolism, cell wall integrity, and energy metabolism in JR2, with tyrosine metabolism significantly enriched at both levels. Collectively, these findings suggest that L33a is a promising biocontrol strain for green management of tomato Verticillium wilt.

Integrated Analysis of Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Responses in Rice Resisting False Smut

Multi-omics reveals contrasting pod defense strategies associated with soybean resistance to Fusarium verticillioides.

ZmHPATR1 orchestrates phyllosphere organic acid flux to recruit Sphingomonas and enhance resistance of maize to Curvularia leaf spot

Leaf spots caused by Curvularia lunata infection pose a significant threat to global maize production. Although resistance gene breeding faces challenges due to pathogen evolution, the plant microbiome has emerged as a key modulator of disease resistance. However, the mechanisms via which plant genes regulate phyllosphere metabolites to recruit beneficial microbes remain poorly understood. Here, we combined gene mapping, metabolomics, microbiome analyses, cytological analysis, and in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the disease resistance mechanism of ZmHPATR1. We first identified that the loss‐of‐function mutation in ZmHPATR1 significantly increased the levels of fumaric acid, folic acid, and tetrahydrofolic acid in the leaves, leading to the enrichment of the genus Sphingomonas. We further demonstrated that the extracellular polysaccharide, welan gum, biosynthesized by Sphingomonas, effectively inhibited C. lunata growth and disrupted its cell structure. These results enable us to comprehensively understand the complicated mechanisms of plant resistance to disease through a four‐level regulatory network that links plant genes, metabolites, microbes, and pathogens. Our findings provide new strategies for targeted microbiome‐based disease‐resistant breeding and the development of novel biopesticides for maize.