Advances in Resistance Breeding against Yellow Mosaic Virus in Blackgram: A Review

Genomics assisted breeding for mildew resistance in cucumber: from gene discovery to future innovations

This review highlighted the genetic resources, screening strategies, disease scoring systems, inheritance patterns, resistance-associated QTLs, molecular markers and candidate genes involved in cucumber mildew resistance, and discussed genome-assisted breeding approaches, including QTL mapping, genome-wide association studies, marker-assisted selection, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, transgenic approaches and high-throughput phenotyping tools for improving resistance breeding efficiency.

Integrating the Classical and Molecular Approaches Toward Passion Fruit Resistance Against CABMV

Passion fruit, a tropical species cultivated across various nations, faces challenges in expanding its cultivation areas due to several constraints, including total crop losses, caused by the fruit woodiness virus. In Brazil, this condition is attributed to the cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), and currently, no passion fruit cultivars are resistant to this virus. This study integrates classical breeding and molecular analyses to identify CABMV-resistant plants in a backcross population of Passiflora, addressing the need for durable resistance in commercial passion fruit and improving selection efficiency for breeding programs. This research aimed to assess the resistance to CABMV within the third backcross generation (BC3) of passion fruit, employing both phenotypic and genotypic methodologies to identify the most promising families and genotypes. The study utilized a randomized block design and a rating scale to evaluate the manifestation of virus symptoms, facilitating the estimation of the area under the disease progress curve. The 'disease resistance' trait was analyzed using mixed models to estimate variance components through Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) and to predict selection gains via Best Unbiased Linear Prediction (BLUP). Twenty-seven microsatellite markers (SSR) were applied to determine the genetic distances among 95 genotypes within the studied population. These SSR markers were effective in differentiating the evaluated groups. Among the top 30 genotypes ranked for CABMV resistance, four genotypes from different families exhibited superior traits, making them suitable candidates for the next backcross generation.

Yellow Mosaic Disease in Mungbean (Vigna radiata): Recent Advances and Emerging Strategies for Disease Management

Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease is one of the most destructive diseases affecting mungbean and has been a significant concern in India. This disease is caused by a group of geminiviruses belonging to the genus Begomovirus within the family Geminiviridae. MYMV is transmitted persistently by the whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci. Economic losses caused by this virus can reach up to 85% in green gram crops, and the disease continues to spread rapidly into new cultivation areas. The increasing impact of MYMV has driven the need for precise detection and identification methods, prompting extensive research on the virus’s biology, diversity, and epidemiology to develop effective management strategies. Among control options, breeding for resistance or tolerance remains the most promising, yet currently available commercial varieties offer only partial resistance. Consequently, intensified efforts to discover new sources of resistance are essential. This review compiles the existing knowledge on MYMV and highlights critical areas where advanced research is urgently needed..

The genetic architecture of maize yellow mosaic virus resistance in corn

The results indicate that the genetic architecture of corn in response to MaYMV is complex, and that developing immune cultivars may not be achievable using natural sources of genetic variation, but this study provides a foundation for breeding maize with improved tolerance and advances the understanding of host response to MaYMV infection.

Genetic architecture of Karnal bunt resistance in wheat: A review

Marker-assisted backcross breeding to develop wheat lines with stable yellow rust resistance without yield penalties

Wheat production faces severe yield threats globally and regionally in India from rust diseases caused by Puccinia species. Genetic resistance breeding is the most sustainable approach to mitigate these losses, but traditional phenotypic selection is often constrained by environmental fluctuations and rapid pathogen evolution. Here we utilized marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) to introgress broad-spectrum yellow rust resistance genes, Yr10 and Yr15 , from the donor genetic stock PBW703 into the elite, high-yielding wheat cultivar DBW88 to develop two high-yielding rust-resistant genotypes DBW476 and DBW477. Foreground selection was executed using gene-linked molecular markers PSP3000 ( Yr10 ) and Xbarc8 ( Yr15 ). Background selection with 107 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers accelerated recurrent parent genome recovery up to 95% within just two backcross generations, significantly outperforming conventional breeding timelines. Seedling resistance tests and adult plant resistance evaluations confirmed that the introgressed lines exhibited a high degree of immune response and comprehensive resistance against virulent Puccinia striiformis pathotypes, including 238S119 and 110S119. Multi-year agronomic testing across multiple environments demonstrated that the improved near-isogenic lines achieved equal or superior grain yield performance compared to their recurrent parents and commercial checks. These findings indicate successful gene introgression without any associated linkage drag or yield penalties. These advanced, stable lines were nominated for multi-location varietal trials, presenting a strategically superior asset for sustainable rust management and food security in the rust-prone environments of India.