Theranostics: integrating molecular imaging and targeted therapy for precision medicine across oncology and beyond

Abstract

To review the principles, mechanisms, clinical applications, safety considerations, challenges and future perspectives of theranostics. Literature from peer-reviewed journals, clinical trials and authoritative sources was reviewed. Theranostics integrates molecular imaging and targeted therapy, demonstrating significant benefits in neuroendocrine tumors, prostate cancer, lymphoma and emerging non-oncologic diseases. Theranostics represents a cornerstone of precision medicine and is expected to expand further with advances in artificial intelligence, nanotechnology and novel radiopharmaceuticals.