Scalable Blockchain-Based Electronic Evidence Sharing Using HotStuffle Consensus and Zero-Knowledge Proofs

Leveraging Polygon Blockchain and Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Secure Electronic Evidence Storage in Court: A Novel Framework

The increasing digitization of modern society has led to a growing volume of digital information---such as emails, photos, videos, and electronic records---being presented as evidence in legal proceedings. However, traditional storage systems are costly, slow, and prone to server failures. To address these challenges, we propose a system leveraging blockchain and IPFS to store electronic evidence securely and reliably. Existing Layer 1 blockchain-based systems face three key limitations: (1) scalability issues with slow throughput and high costs under heavy traffic; (2) privacy risks due to public visibility of transaction data; and (3) impracticality of on-chain storage for large evidentiary files. Our system utilizes Polygon, a faster and more cost-effective Layer 2 blockchain, combined with IPFS for off-chain storage of documents, images, and videos. Each file is assigned a cryptographic hash stored on-chain to ensure integrity and tamper resistance. Smart contracts enforce role-based access control, restricting actions to authorized participants such as police officers, lawyers, and judges. Experimental evaluation with 10,000 transactions achieved approximately 14.29 TPS on modest hardware, with the potential for significantly higher throughput in optimized environments. This demonstrates the system's viability for both high-volume urban courts and resource-constrained rural settings. Overall, the proposed solution offers enhanced security, controlled access, reduced storage costs, and improved efficiency for digital evidence management in judicial systems.

Data Sharing and Verification for Certificates of Origin Based on Blockchain and Zero-Knowledge Proof

Blockchain technology, as a representative paradigm of distributed ledgers, has been widely applied in cross-border trade and finance. However, in cross-border trade, issues such as privacy leakage, forgery, and data misuse during document data sharing hinder the receiving parties from verifying the authenticity of shared data. To address these problems, this paper proposes a decentralized and trustworthy data verification scheme based on the PLONK protocol in zk-SNARKs. Leveraging PLONK's universal trusted setup, the proposed system performs off-chain computation and on-chain verification. Sensitive trade data are processed with the Poseidon hash to generate commitments, which are then recorded on the blockchain for integrity verification. Arithmetic circuits are constructed to ensure that the committed data satisfy pre-defined validity constraints. Meanwhile, trusted institutions conduct off-chain audits to realize a minimal disclosure mechanism, ensuring privacy-preserving verification. Based on an analysis of verification requirements in certificate-of-origin scenarios, the system architecture and arithmetic circuits are designed and implemented to achieve secure, privacy-preserving, and verifiable data sharing in cross-border trade.  

A SECURE AND EFFICIENT BLOCKCHAIN-BASED ACADEMIC RECORD VERIFICATION SYSTEM FOR PREVENTING CREDENTIAL FRAUD USING HASH-BASED INTEGRITY MECHANISMS

Credential fraud in academic institutions has emerged as a serious global concern, undermining the integrity of educational qualifications and professional trust. Traditional paper-based and centralised digital verification systems are susceptible to forgery, data tampering, and administrative delays. This paper proposes a Secure and Efficient Blockchain-Based Academic Record Verification System (SEBARVS) that leverages a private blockchain architecture combined with SHA-256 hash-based integrity mechanisms to prevent credential fraud. Rather than storing complete academic records on the blockchain, the proposed system stores only the cryptographic hash of each record, ensuring both data privacy and tamper-proofing. Authorised institutions act as permissioned nodes within the network, enabling real-time, decentralised verification without relying on any single trusted authority. The workflow encompasses record generation, hash computation, on-chain storage, and a streamlined verification algorithm. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that the proposed system achieves verification within 2 to 5 seconds, eliminates single points of failure, and significantly reduces operational costs relative to traditional approaches. Comparative analysis against conventional systems and generic blockchain implementations confirms the superiority of the proposed approach in terms of security, efficiency, scalability, and privacy. The system offers a practical, deployment-ready framework for universities, certification bodies, and employers worldwide.

A hybrid cryptographic blockchain framework using hyperledger fabric and zero knowledge proofs for secure and verifiable electronic voting

PRIVACY-PRESERVING SECURE FILE SHARING USING QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY, BLOCKCHAIN, AND ZERO-KNOWLEDGE AUTHENTICATION

This research introduces a novel Unified Quantum-Resilient Blockchain-Zero Knowledge Proofs Privacy Authentication Framework (QBC-ZKPAF), which provides strong security and privacy solutions for Internet of Things networks by adopting multi-factor authentication and decentralizing identity management.

Blockchain-Enabled Identity Systems for Secure e-Governance

Given that digital governance has achieved extensive spread and people rely increasingly on online services, affordable and trustworthy identity management is now one of the core pillars of contemporary e-Governance systems. Conventional identity systems are usually centralized, highly susceptible to cyber-attacks and most likely to breach privacy. Blockchain technology provides a decentralized, tamper-proof, and transparent system, which guarantees data integrity, data security, and the privacy of the user. In this paper, the authors research the adoption of blockchain-based identity management within e-Governance sites. We discuss available solutions, assess the risks along with their weaknesses and strengths, and suggest a design on how to introduce a safe blockchain-based identity system. Important efforts have been on developing a holistic system that brings smart contract, cryptographic protocols and distributed ledger technologies together to make citizen identification and authentication secure. The outcome of the results shows enhanced security, less identity fraud, and better data security, so there is a possibility of scalability and resilient e-Governance applications.