TabRank is presented, a framework for training reasoning rerankers for Tabular Retrieval that generalizes effectively to multi-table reasoning and significantly improves performance across a variety of table retrieval datasets.
Abstract
The ability to retrieve relevant tables for answering questions is a key task for structured information retrieval. Multi-stage retrieval systems rely heavily on rerankers to refine candidate lists produced by efficient first-stage retrievers. As a result, neural rerankers and LLM-based reranking methods have become increasingly important due to their superior capacity for semantic understanding and reasoning compared to conventional sparse or dense retrieval models. Recently, Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) equipped with explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning have shown strong improvements in ranking quality in unstructured passage retrieval. In this work, we present TabRank, a framework for training reasoning rerankers for Tabular Retrieval. We first present a comprehensive dataset of 6728 reasoning traces for tabular reranking on the Natural Questions Tables dataset. We then explore two variants of training a compact reasoning model on these reasoning traces: explicit CoT distillation and conditioning the student reranker on the teacher's reasoning trace within the prompt. We stress-test TabRank on several out-of-distribution generalization settings on diverse domains and multi-table scenarios. Our approach significantly improves performance across a variety of table retrieval datasets, increasing Acc@10 by 30.5% on HybridQA, 15.2% on SQA, 52.9% on TabFact, and 13.1% on TATQA subsets of the Multi-Table QA Benchmark compared to the base model. Notably, TabRank generalizes effectively to multi-table reasoning. Our code, data and models are available at https://github.com/AdarshSingh7647/TabRanker
Recommendation systems increasingly adopt a two-stage pipeline, where an ID-based retriever retrieves candidates and an LLM-based reranker refines their rankings. To improve retrieval quality, reranker-to-retriever distillation is commonly used to transfer the reranker's knowledge to the retriever. For practical deployment, however, this pipeline must continually adapt to evolving interests and incoming interactions. A naive solution is to repeatedly update the LLM reranker and distill its latest knowledge, but this incurs prohibitive costs. Updating the retriever alone is cheaper, but its limited capacity makes adaptation from sparse data difficult. We propose SCoRD, a continual knowledge distillation framework for LLM-based reranking pipelines under a non-stationary data stream. SCoRD introduces a semantic reasoning assistant that distills the LLM's ability to infer underlying user intents into reusable intent-level guidance. It selectively distills reranker knowledge to the retriever on low-confidence sequences, guides retriever-only updates without repeated LLM inference, and feeds retriever-derived representations and intent-drift signals back to the reranker. Experiments on real-world datasets show that SCoRD enables effective and efficient retriever-reranker co-adaptation.
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