Predictors of Problematic Digital Media Use

Abstract

Problematic Digital Media Use (PDMU) is increasingly recognized as a multidimensional behavioral concern linked to adverse psychological and social outcomes. While prior research has identified various predictors, these factors have often been examined in isolation. The present study examined the combined contributions of personality, motivational, and metacognitive processes within an integrated predictive framework. A sample of 203 adults (M = 30.5 years, SD = 10.3) completed self-report measures, including the PDMU-24. Exploratory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure reflecting compulsive use, withdrawal, reward sensitivity, and loss of control. Regression analyses indicated that the model explained 46% of the variance in PDMU. Self-reported digital media concern emerged as the strongest and most consistent predictor, particularly for withdrawal and loss-of-control dimensions. Motivational factors, including need for social approval and boredom susceptibility, also showed robust associations, whereas personality traits demonstrated weaker and less consistent effects. These findings suggest the relevance of metacognitive awareness and reinforcement-based processes in PDMU and support the use of multidimensional models for assessment and intervention.