LLM-Assisted Hierarchical Interference Control for Satellite-Terrestrial Integrated Networks

Abstract

Time-varying aggregate interference from low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites challenges terrestrial-network (TN) protection, whereas conservative control degrades LEO quality of service (QoS). This letter proposes a hierarchical framework combining geometry-based interference estimation, QoS-constrained power control, adaptive energy detection, large language model (LLM)-assisted candidate ranking, stay-or-switch decisions, and target-band selection, with deterministic verification. The current band is retained only when both spectrum-hole and power-feasibility conditions hold, with periodic reevaluation. Over a 300-s horizon with 0.5-s sampling, the proposed method keeps the aggregate INR from exceeding the $-12.2$~dB threshold and achieves a time-averaged mean LEO-link rate of $320.97$~Mbps with $100\%$ QoS satisfaction. It markedly outperforms power-only and satellite-muting in jointly protecting the TN and preserving LEO QoS.