Health and Quality of Life in Contemporary Society: Health Promotion, Lifestyles, and the Role of the Brazilian Unified Health System

Abstract

Health and quality of life in contemporary society are influenced by complex interactions between biological characteristics, individual behaviours, social relationships, economic conditions, environmental factors, and public policies. Changes in work patterns, urbanization, technological development, food environments, sedentary behaviour, population ageing, and increasing mental health demands have transformed the determinants of health and created new challenges for public health systems. In Brazil, the Unified Health System plays a fundamental role in promoting health, preventing diseases, reducing inequalities, and ensuring access to comprehensive care. This academic essay discusses health and quality of life from a contemporary public health perspective, emphasizing health promotion, lifestyles, social determinants, mental health, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, digital technologies, environmental conditions, and the role of SUS. Health promotion is understood as a collective responsibility that extends beyond individual behavioural choices and requires supportive social, economic, and environmental conditions. The discussion highlights the importance of Primary Health Care, intersectoral action, community participation, equity, and health education. Strengthening health promotion within SUS is essential for improving population well-being and addressing the increasingly complex determinants of health in contemporary societies.