Effect of Insecurity on Entrepreneurship and Food Security in Nigeria: A Case of Northern Nigeria

Abstract

This study examines the multifaceted effect of insecurity on entrepreneurship and food security in Northern Nigeria, a region heavily impacted by insurgency, banditry, and farmer -herder conflicts. Utilizing a mixed -methods research design, the study combin es quantitative data from a structured questionnaire administered to 120 entrepreneurs and farmers across six conflict -affected states (Borno, Katsina, Sokoto, Zamfara, Benue, and Adamawa) with qualitative insights from 12 key informant interviews. Quantitative analysis employs descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi -square and Pearson correlation) to assess the frequency of security incidents, their impact on business continuity, agricultural yields, and household dietary diversity, while the qualitative co mponent explores lived experiences and adaptive coping strategies. Findings reveal a statistically significant negative correlation ( <0.01p<0.01) between the prevalence of insecurity and key indicators of entrepreneurial sustainability and food security. Over 80% of respondents reported reduced farm yields and business profits, with supply chain disruptions and forced displacement cited as primary drivers. The study further highlights the disproportionate vulnerability of women and youth, who face heightened mobility restrictions and asset losses. The findings inform pragmatic recommendations, including the urgent need for localized community -based security frameworks, targeted micro-grants and insurance schemes for affected businesses, and the integration of climate-conflict-sensitive agricultural practices to build systemic resilience and mitigate the devastating impact of insecurity on livelihoods and food systems in the region.