Frequency and associated factors of upper limb musculoskeletal disorder among Bangladeshi diabetic population: A facility-based multicentered cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background: Musculoskeletal complications are now being acknowledged as significant but overlooked complications of diabetes mellitus, leading to disability and poor quality of life. Yet, there is a scarcity of research on upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (ULMSDs) in diabetic patients in Bangladesh. Aim: Our study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of ULMSDs among Bangladeshi adults with diabetes. Methods: A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted among 363 adult diabetic patients from multiple health care facilities in Bangladesh. Information on socio-demographic and lifestyle-related factors, clinical profile, comorbidities, and common ULMSDs was gathered through face-to-face interviews and physical examination. Prevalence was calculated using descriptive statistics, and binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the factors associated with ULMSDs. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were adjusted for. Results: The prevalence of ULMSDs was 57.6%. The most prevalent ULMSDs were diabetic hand syndrome (44.9%), adhesive capsulitis (38.8%), rotator cuff tendinitis (38.0%), and carpal tunnel syndrome (37.2%) respectively. Severe physical inactivity was significantly associated with ULMSDs (p = 0.03). Longer duration of diabetes (more than 10 years) was associated with an increased risk of ULMSDs (p = 0.01). Diabetic neuropathy (OR = 2.06, p = 0.031), diabetes control by lifestyle modification only (OR = 3.93, p = 0.03), and dyslipidemia (p < 0.05) were also significant predictors in our study. Conclusion: ULMSDs are common in Bangladeshi adults with diabetes. Periodic screening and holistic clinical and epidemiological approaches are needed to enhance the quality of life. Relevance for patients: Integrating upper limb musculoskeletal screening into diabetes care may improve function, reduce disability, and enhance quality of life.