Microplastics in atherosclerosis could exacerbate the cardiovascular risk: A systematic review

Abstract

Microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) have been detected in various human tissues, including the cardiovascular system. Recent evidence has identified MNPs within atherosclerotic plaques, raising concerns about their potential role in cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the presence and effects of MNPs in human atherosclerotic disease. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Five observational studies met the inclusion criteria. MNPs were consistently detected in atherosclerotic plaques, blood, and coronary thrombi and were associated with inflammatory activation, coagulation abnormalities, greater disease severity, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. These findings suggest that MNPs exposure may be associated with atherosclerotic disease and represents a candidate biomarker for cardiovascular risk stratification that requires further validation. However, current evidence is limited to observational studies, and further research is required to establish causality. This review supports Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals).