Structural, biomedical and metal-ion sensing properties of the eco-friendly synthesized CrVO4 nanoparticles using Saussurea obvallata flower extract

Abstract

The pursuit of environmentally sustainable approaches in nanotechnology has encouraged the adoption of green synthesis routes for advanced functional materials. In the present work, chromium vanadate (CrVO 4 ) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via an eco-friendly method utilizing Saussurea obvallata flower extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing medium. The extract, rich in bioactive phytochemicals such as terpenoids, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids, enabled the controlled synthesis of NPs under benign circumstances without the need for hazardous reagents or high-energy inputs. The resulting NPs were comprehensively explored to elucidate their structural, topological, and optical features. In addition, their multifunctional applicability was investigated through anticancer, antitubercular, and metal ion sensing studies. The findings reveal that biosynthesized CrVO 4 NPs exhibit improved biological efficacy, possibly due to phytochemical surface modification, and effective sensing performance driven by advantageous electron-transfer characteristics. This study establishes a sustainable and promising strategy for the synthesis of vanadate-based nanomaterials with promising biomedical and environmental applications.