Internalization of Islamic Science in the Formation of Student Morals in the Digital Era: Systematic Literature Review of Pesantren Education

Abstract

This study examines the internalization of Islamic knowledge in shaping santri morality in the digital era through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Following the PRISMA framework, 44 articles published in 2022-2025 were screened, 28 full-text articles were assessed, and 20 studies were included in the final thematic synthesis. The review identified six interconnected themes: Islamic knowledge as the foundation of morality; value internalization through habituation and exemplary conduct; religious character development; digital-era challenges; continuity of pesantren traditions and educational adaptation; and the transformation of Islamic education in digital contexts. The findings show that Islamic knowledge becomes character through understanding, value internalization, habituation, exemplary conduct, and pesantren culture. In the digital era, religious character is further tested through self-control, digital literacy, communication ethics, and responsible information use. The review proposes a conceptual synthesis model linking Islamic knowledge, value internalization, pesantren culture, religious character, digital ethics, and santri character resilience as a basis for strengthening adaptive pesantren education.