Blockchain-Enabled Tokenized Semantic Mesh Networks for Cooperative MANET Routing

Abstract

The problem of self-interested nodes remains a major challenge in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), as individual nodes tend to prioritize the conservation of limited resources such as power and bandwidth at the expense of ensuring global network connectivity. This behavior negatively impacts network efficiency, leading to reduced reliability, a lower packet delivery ratio (PDR), and increased communication latency. This study proposes an innovative decentralized framework—Tokenized Mobile Semantic Smart Mesh Networks (TMSSMN)—that integrates blockchain-based tokenization with a Knowledge-Underpinned Layer (KUL) to enable incentive-based intelligent routing. The proposed system introduces a pay-per-hop mechanism, where nodes earn rewards through secure micropayments managed by smart contracts for packet forwarding. This approach ensures fairness, transparency, and trust without relying on a central authority. Furthermore, the KUL optimizes routing decisions by integrating semantic insights and contextual data, allowing for more informed, context-aware path selection. Keywords: MANET, Blockchain, Tokenization, Incentive-based Routing, Smart Contracts, Knowledge-Underpinned Layer (KUL), Cooperative Routing, Packet Delivery Ratio.