Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Camel Brucellosis in Two Selected Districts of Jarar Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella . Camel brucellosis poses significant public health concerns and hampers socio-economic development in developing countries, particularly in pastoral regions. Despite its endemic status in many areas, limited attention has been given to the disease in camels. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of camel brucellosis in the Dagahbur and Dagahmadow districts of the Jarar zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2024 to May 2025. A total of 384 camels from six kebeles across the selected districts were included using a multi-stage sampling technique. Serum samples were tested using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and confirmed with Competitive ELISA (cELISA). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associated risk factors. The overall seroprevalence was 27.86% by RBPT and 3.9% by cELISA. Camels with a history of abortion were over twice as likely to test positive (AOR = 2.23, p = 0.002), and those with retained fetal membranes had a sixfold increased risk (AOR = 6.27, p = 0.001). Demographic factors such as sex, age, and herd size showed no significant association. Camel brucellosis remains prevalent in the study area, with reproductive disorders identified as key risk factors. Coordinated efforts among stakeholders are needed to implement preventive and control measures, alongside increasing public awareness to curb the spread and reduce disease prevalence.