Joint Heterogeneous Communication, Load-Balanced Offloading, and Cloud-Edge-Edge Collaborative Construction for Centralized Control Systems

Abstract

The intelligent substation centralized control system faces three intertwined challenges: mixing event-driven and periodic traffic with different QoS needs, sharing limited inspection hosts among multiple substations, and placing cloud-edge-edge nodes to balance delay and load. This paper tackles them together. We build a distributed heterogeneous wireless model and design a joint uplink-downlink resource allocation that protects urgent traffic. We then propose a latency-utility offloading scheme that levels the computational load across shared hosts. Finally, we develop a cloud-edge-edge construction method with coverage optimization that accounts for both communication distance and load distribution. Simulations show that our framework not only meets delay and reliability targets but also improves channel utilization by 26%, cuts average interference by 3.2 dB, reduces per-task energy by 27%, and maintains a task completion rate above 99.5% under heavy load.