An Evaluation of Green Logistics Implementation in Logistics Service Firms: Evidence from Ho Chi Minh City
Abstract
Green logistics has become an essential component of sustainable development in the logistics sector, particularly in rapidly urbanizing emerging economies. This study empirically evaluates the level of green logistics implementation among logistics service firms in Vietnam, using Ho Chi Minh City as a representative case. Based on survey data collected from 284 logistics service firms, the study constructs an implementation assessment framework comprising 30 indicators grouped into seven core logistics activity domains. Descriptive statistical analysis is employed to examine implementation levels, dispersion across firms, and differences among activity groups. The results indicate that green logistics adoption remains at an early and uneven stage. Firms tend to prioritize low-cost and easily applicable practices, such as transport route optimization, recycled packaging, digitalization of operations, and compliance with environmental regulations. In contrast, capital-intensive practices, including the use of renewable energy, environmentally friendly transport modes, and the development of reverse logistics systems, exhibit significantly lower implementation levels. The findings also reveal a substantial gap between environmental awareness and actual operational practices, reflecting constraints related to firm size, financial capacity, and access to technical and policy support. From a policy perspective, the study highlights the need for differentiated support mechanisms, including green credit schemes, targeted training programs, pilot model development, and the integration of digital transformation with environmental objectives. By providing firm-level empirical evidence from an emerging economy, this study contributes to the applied economics literature on sustainable logistics and offers practical implications for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to accelerate the transition toward green logistics.