Condensation temperature and magnetic phases of trapped coherently coupled Bose gases

Abstract

We investigate condensation and finite-temperature magnetic phase transitions in a coherently (Rabi) coupled Bose gas confined in a three-dimensional harmonic trap. For the noninteracting system, we derive analytical expressions for the critical temperature and condensate fraction using a semiclassical description of the single-particle spectrum and density of states. At fixed particle number, coherent coupling enhances the critical temperature relative to the uncoupled system, and this enhancement decreases with increasing particle number $N$. The finite-size correction, in contrast, lowers the transition temperature, with its effect diminishing for larger $N$. We then incorporate repulsive interactions within the Hartree--Fock--Bogoliubov--Popov framework to investigate the finite-temperature phase diagram in the temperature--Rabi coupling plane. The system undergoes successive transitions from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic condensate and, at higher temperature, to a thermal gas. The transition boundaries obtained from the vanishing of the condensate fraction show excellent agreement with the analytical Hartree-Fock predictions. We find that the interactions substantially suppress the variation in the condensation temperature with an increase in the coherent coupling.