Formulation and Antioxidant Activity Test of Effervescent Granules of Red Dragon Fruit Peel Extract (Hylocereus Polyrhizus W.) And Lime Peel (Citrus Aurantifolia S.) With the DPPH Method

Abstract

Excessively formed free radicals trigger oxidative stress and various degenerative diseases, so the body requires an intake of exogenous antioxidants. Red dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus polyrhizus W.) and lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia S.) are agricultural wastes containing flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and vitamin C, giving them potential as natural antioxidants, although their utilization remains limited. This study aimed to formulate a combination of both extracts into an effervescent granule and to evaluate its physical quality and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Granules were prepared in four formulas (F1-F4) with total extract concentration variations of 0%, 2%, 3%, and 4% (extract ratio 1:1) using the wet granulation method, then evaluated for organoleptic properties, flow rate, angle of repose, dissolving time, pH, moisture content, hedonic test, and physical stability. Antioxidant activity was determined based on the IC50 value using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 516 nm. The results showed that all formulas met the physical quality requirements of a good effervescent granule. The IC50 values of F1, F2, F3, and F4 were 9.715, 7.540, 12.721, and 8.163 ppm respectively, all classified as very strong antioxidants (IC50 <50 ppm). Formula 2, containing 1% of each extract, was proven to be the best formula with the highest antioxidant activity. This study demonstrates that the combination extract of red dragon fruit peel and lime peel can be developed into a functional effervescent granule that meets physical quality standards and possesses very strong antioxidant activity.