Evaluation of Compatibility of Silver Nanoparticles with Entomopathogenic Nematode, Steinernema abbasi

Abstract

Nanotechnology in pest management systems has emerged as a promising tool for sustainable agriculture. However, its potential implications for non-target beneficial soil biota remain inadequately explored. This study evaluated the ecotoxicological impact and compatibility of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema abbasi (PN-1 strain), a key biological control agent against insect pests. The AgNPs exhibited pronounced toxicity against S. abbasi, with mortality increasing significantly in a concentration- and exposure-dependent manner. The estimated LC50 at 8 h was 0.37 ppb (fiducial limits: 0.21-0.66 ppb), indicating the acute sensitivity of the nematode even at low concentrations. The LC30 and LC90 values were 0.03 ppb and 175.09 ppb, respectively, indicating a steep toxicity gradient. These findings suggest that AgNPs, despite their effectiveness as pest control agents, may adversely affect beneficial soil organisms such as EPNs in the soil biota.