Free-Energy Asymptotics of the Two-Dimensional Quantum Heisenberg Ferromagnet

Abstract

We prove the leading low-temperature free-energy asymptotics of the nearest-neighbour quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet on $\mathbb Z^2$. For every fixed $S\in\{\frac12,1,\frac32,\ldots\}$, the free energy per site satisfies \[ \lim_{\beta\to\infty}\beta^2S f_2(\beta,S)=-\frac{\pi}{24}. \] This formula was predicted by Takahashi's modified spin-wave theory [15]. Napi\'orkowski and Seiringer proved the corresponding upper bound but left the matching lower bound in two dimensions open [13], a gap later highlighted again by Seiringer [14]. We prove this missing bound through a new comparison between the magnon exclusion dynamics and free bosons, based on extending wave functions to collision configurations with controlled kinetic cost.