Locate, Judge, Read: Role-Specialized Tool Agents over a Knowledge-Point Index for Open-Domain Multimodal Document QA

Abstract

Question answering over large heterogeneous document collections requires first finding the right passages and then reading them, yet current retrieval-augmented agents give one model both kinds of tools and let it schedule itself. We present KnowForge, a pipeline separated by job: a hybrid-retrieval knowledge-point index; a Locator agent that can only search; a code-scheduled bridge judge that forces the missing second hop; a typed, size-bounded evidence pool that merges every search's ranking; a Deep Reader agent that can only read text, images and tables; and a synthesizer with a format checker. With a self-hosted Qwen3.6-35B-A3B (3B active), KnowForge reaches F1 47.5 on the full open-domain M3DocVQA (2,441 questions, 3,368 PDFs), +11.0 over the published M3DocRAG system and +7.1 over one-shot retrieve-and-answer on the same index and model, and 53.5 with DeepSeek-V4-Flash. On MultiHop-RAG it reaches 73.5 accuracy, above the strongest published RAG and GraphRAG results (71.2); on the single-document MMLongBench-Doc it lifts the same model from 34.8 to 47.0, level with GPT-4o reading page images (46.3). Per-job ablations on the full benchmarks attribute the gain: the Deep Reader is worth 3.8, 9.8 and 0 points on the three corpora, tracking how visual each is; merging both agents into one with all tools and twice the rounds loses 1.9 F1 because it keeps searching instead of reading; a round-budget sweep shows a step at four Locator rounds and a plateau beyond; query latency scales with model calls rather than corpus size. We serve the three indexed benchmarks as read-only knowledge bases (free registration) and release all prompts and the runner code: https://github.com/metask-ai/knowforge-bench